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英語語法:中考英語主謂一致誤區(qū)詳解(附答案)

來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 作者:匿名 2009-08-28 16:58:10

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誤區(qū)一 誤認(rèn)主語

  1. 倒裝句

  ①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×)

  ②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)

  [解析] 第①句謂語動詞使用are,錯誤地認(rèn)為the two buildings是該句的主語,但實(shí)際上是介詞between的賓語,一起構(gòu)成介詞短語,而介詞短語不能充當(dāng)主語。該句是一個倒裝句,真正主語是a big tree.因此第②句正確。

  特別提醒 倒裝句的常見結(jié)構(gòu):副詞/介詞短語+謂語+主語

  2. 主語之后帶有介詞短語

 、賂he fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×)

 、赥he fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√)

  [解析] 第①句誤認(rèn)為apples, oranges是主語,因此謂語動詞用are,而實(shí)際上the fruit才是該句的主語,like apples,oranges是介詞短語作后置定語修飾the fruit.該句譯為“像蘋果、桔子之類的水果對我們的身體是有好處的”。因此第②句是正確的。

  特別提醒 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有:主語+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ,謂語動詞應(yīng)與主語一致,而與介詞短語之后的名詞無關(guān)。

  3. one of . . . + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞

  ①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×)

 、赥here are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)

  [解析] one of the boys的中心詞是one,因此謂語動詞用單數(shù),造成第①句錯誤的原因主要是把the boys當(dāng)成了該句的主語。

  4. 定語從句

  ①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×)

 、贗 like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)

  [解析] which were taken in Beijing是一個定語從句,用于修飾先行詞the photos,而which本身就代替先行詞the photos.因此謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù),造成第①句錯誤的原因是沒有弄清楚關(guān)系詞which的實(shí)質(zhì),只是從形式上看它是單數(shù)。

  特別提醒 定語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。

誤區(qū)二 被主語的表象迷惑
  誤區(qū)二 被主語的表象迷惑

  1. 看似復(fù)數(shù)卻表單數(shù)概念

 、費(fèi)aths are my favourite subject. (×)

  ②Maths is my favourite subject. (√)

  [解析] maths本身是一個以“s”結(jié)尾的單詞,而不是一個復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示單數(shù)概念“數(shù)學(xué)”這一學(xué)科,因此第②句正確。

  類似的有:physics,news,politics . . .

  2. 看似單數(shù)卻表復(fù)數(shù)概念

 、賂he police is searching for the robbers. (×)

 、赥he police are searching for the robbers. (√)

  [解析] the police譯為“警方”,表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,而不是表示“那個警察”,因此第②句正確,類似的詞有:people,the +形容詞,the +姓+family等均表復(fù)數(shù)概念。

  3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同形

 、賂here are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×)

 、赥here is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (√)

  [解析] sheep是一個單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞,由于sheep之前用的a little修飾,加上Can you see it中的it指代單數(shù),因此a little sheep譯為“一只小綿羊”,因此第②句正確。如果將原題改為:There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又會怎么樣呢。

  特別提醒 類似的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞還有fish, Chinese, Japanese等,要根據(jù)句子的含義和結(jié)構(gòu)暗示來判斷其單復(fù)數(shù)。

  4. 集合名詞

 、賂heir family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×)

 、赥heir family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√)

  [解析] family是一個集合名詞,表示整體概念時謂語用單數(shù),表示個體概念時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。該句譯為“他們?nèi)液苄腋#F(xiàn)在全家人正在看電視”。因此第一個family表示整體概念,譯為“家庭”,第二個family表示個體概念,譯為“家人”,第②句正確。

  特別提醒 類似的還有g(shù)roup,class,team等既可表單數(shù)也可表復(fù)數(shù)。

誤區(qū)三 誤用語言規(guī)則
  誤區(qū)三 誤用語言規(guī)則

  1. 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞作主語

 、賂en years are quite a long time. (×)

  ②Ten years is quite a long time. (√)

  [解析] 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時看作一個整體,謂語動詞要用單數(shù),容易錯誤理解為復(fù)數(shù)而出現(xiàn)第①句的錯誤。

  2. 由and連接的并列主語

 、賂he twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×)

  ②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√)

  [解析] the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念,譯為“第20課即最后一課”,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。同學(xué)們?nèi)菀族e誤理解“第20課和最后一課”,如果表示兩課,應(yīng)該表達(dá)為“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。

  特別提醒 由and連接的并列主語表示同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),表示不同的概念時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

  3. 就近原則

 、貼either you nor he have been to Beijing. (×)

 、贜either you nor he has been to Beijing. (√)

  [解析] neither . . . nor連接的并列主語(you , he)雖然表示兩個人,但根據(jù)語言規(guī)則,當(dāng)它連接并列主語的時候,謂語動詞根據(jù)就近原則,該由he決定,因此第②句正確。

  特別提醒 類似的還有either . . . or,not only . . . but also,not . . . but,以及there be之后的并列主語,謂語動詞的確定都根據(jù)“就近原則”。

  4. this kind of,a piece of,this pair of等短語作主語

 、賂his pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×)

 、赥his pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)

  [解析] trousers作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),但當(dāng)它被this pair of修飾時謂語動詞由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。因此第②句正確。

  特別提醒 this kind of,a piece of,a bag of,a box of等,這類短語作主語時謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由這些短語中的名詞決定,而與它們所修飾的名詞無關(guān)。

  5. the rest of, half of等短語作主語

 、貶alf of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×)

 、贖alf of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)

  [解析] 根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷the rest of it中的it,指the work,而work是不可數(shù)名詞,因此第②句正確。

  特別提醒 all of,most of,half of,the rest of,以及a lot of,some,any+名詞作主語時,要根據(jù)后面的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

  6. 一句話提示

 、俸铣刹欢ù~(如something,anybody等)作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù);

 、趧用~、不定式、從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);

 、踑 number of +名詞(復(fù))作主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),the number of +名詞(復(fù))作主語,謂語用單數(shù);

  ④none of . . . 作主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。

    主謂一致金題精練
  金題精練

  根據(jù)句意,從所給出的選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。

  1. The news _____ very worth listening to.

  A. be B. is C. are D. am

  2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours?

  —No. My glasses _____ on the desk.

  A. Is, is B. Are, is C. Is, are D. Are, are

  3. The old _____ taken good care of in China now.

  A. was B. are C. is D. were

  4. Nobody except the twins ___ to Hongkong before.

  A. have been B. have gone

  C. has been D. has gone

  5. —What’s on the plate?

  —There _____ some rice on it.

  A. is B. are C. has D. have

  6. Five years _____ since we met last.

  A. have passed B. has past

  C. has passed D. have pasted

  7. Here _____ some flowers for you.

  A. is B. are C. has D. have

  8. There __________ a number of teachers, but the number of women teachers ________ only thirty.

  A. are, are B. are, is C. is, are D. is, is

  9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _______ I am right.

  A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking

  10. Doing morning exercises _____ good for our health.

  A. be B. are C. is D. am

  11. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to help others.

  A. is B. are C. being D. was

  12. The Smith family _____ making dumplings in the kitchen.

  A. is B. are C. has been D. can

  13. One third of the population in our city ______ farmers in the past.

  A. are B. were C. is D. was

  14. The headmaster and the teacher ______ coming to us now.

  A. are B. is C. will D. am

  15. Tom as well as his friends _____ skating every Saturday.

  A. are B. is C. go D. goes

  (Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D)

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