來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 作者:匿名 2010-02-09 11:47:13
一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別:
A. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表某一行為的“片斷”,一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)。
例如:I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完,“讀”的片段);I read the book yesterday. (已讀完,表整個(gè)“讀”)。
B.一般持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)多與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。
例如:He was writing a letter the whole afternoon. (短暫動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)時(shí)間連用,表反復(fù)、連續(xù)發(fā)生,不可用一般過(guò)去時(shí))。
C.while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,用短暫動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如:He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
二、英語(yǔ)中有四類動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)(不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))。
A.表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞:love 、hate、like、care、respect 、please、prefer、know 等。若用進(jìn)行時(shí)則詞意改變。例如:I’m for get ting it . (=beginning to forget )。
B.表存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如:appear、exist、lie、remain、stand、seem等。
C.表感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste
D.表一時(shí)性的動(dòng)詞accept、allow、admit、decide、end、refuse、promise等。
[示例] 考題1 As she ____the newspaper,Granny ____ asleep .
A. read /was falling B .was reading /fell
C. Was reading /was falling D. read/fell .
分析: 時(shí)間從句的動(dòng)作長(zhǎng),而“入睡”動(dòng)作短,故前者用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),而較短動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),選B。
考題2 Tom ___ into the house when no one ___ .
A. slipped/was looking B. Had slipped /looked
C. slipped/had looked D. was slipping /looked.
分析:此題先要理解好when,表“此時(shí)”,說(shuō)明主句中slipped是較短行為,而look是較長(zhǎng)行為的片斷,即湯姆溜進(jìn)房子,此時(shí)沒(méi)人瞧見(jiàn),故選A為正確。
三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)到目前為止動(dòng)作的完成和結(jié)果,與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系,對(duì)現(xiàn)在也有影響。
需要特別注意的是:
A.剛做過(guò)的事,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),當(dāng)說(shuō)明或者詢問(wèn)做事的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)時(shí),要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如he has watched the football match. She watched it last Saturday. 她看了那場(chǎng)足球賽,她是上周六看的。
B.have / has been to a place. 表示某人曾經(jīng)去過(guò)或者到過(guò)某地。have / has gone to a place表示某人說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)離開(kāi)此地,或在去某地的路途中或者已經(jīng)到了某地。例如:Frank has gone to Tibet. 弗蘭克已經(jīng)去西藏了。Frank has been to Tibet twice. 弗蘭克已經(jīng)去過(guò)西藏2次了。
經(jīng)典考題:---Is that Jack speaking? ---Sorry, he isn't in right now. He______ the cinema with his aunt.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. have been to D. have gone to
(顯然Jack不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),答案選B)
四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:
過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)兩者的用法基本相同,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn), 而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則以過(guò)去的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān),是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。
I have finished my homework. (表示說(shuō)話時(shí)作業(yè)已經(jīng)做完了)
By four o’clock, I had finished my homework.
初步掌握延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法上的區(qū)別:如ie, arrive, come, go, join, leave, buy, begin, get, start, become, borrow 等均為瞬間動(dòng)詞,在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
He has joined the army.他參軍了。He has been in the army for a year.他參軍已經(jīng)一年了。(換成可以延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞)He joined the army a year ago.(用過(guò)去時(shí))
經(jīng)典考題:LinLin has come. He_____ here for half an hour.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. has gone D. has been
(把come轉(zhuǎn)化成be here, 答案選D)
五、三種一般將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別
1.will +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的將來(lái)時(shí)表示主觀意愿,未經(jīng)事先精心計(jì)劃或打算.可用于各種人稱.
Eg1. There is someone at the door. I will go and open it .
Eg2. Who will go and help that poor old man ?
2.be going to +動(dòng)詞原形強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事或有跡象要發(fā)生的事.
Eg1.He is going to buy a new car next week.
Eg2.Look at the dark clouds, I think it is going to rain soon.
3.shall +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的將來(lái)時(shí)主語(yǔ)通常是I或 we并且在肯定句中常被will +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的將來(lái)時(shí)代替,但在疑問(wèn)句中Shall I…../ Shall we…..? 常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn).
Eg1. Shall I /we going fishing tomorrow?
Eg2. When shall we meet?
4.用于條件句時(shí), be going to 表將來(lái);will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
六、“過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)”與“賓語(yǔ)從句”(直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ))
賓語(yǔ)從句有三個(gè)要點(diǎn):
1.語(yǔ)序:一律使用陳述語(yǔ)序,也就是:(主句)+ 連詞 + 從句主語(yǔ) + 從句謂語(yǔ)+...
2.引導(dǎo)詞
若從句來(lái)源于一個(gè)陳述句,那么,連詞用that,在口語(yǔ)中that可以省略;
若從句來(lái)源于一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句,連詞則用if 或whether;
若從句來(lái)源于一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句,則連詞就是疑問(wèn)詞(如what,who,where,when等)
3.時(shí)態(tài)
如果主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句則用現(xiàn)在某一時(shí)態(tài),甚至可以用過(guò)去時(shí);
例:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本學(xué)期我的英語(yǔ)會(huì)學(xué)得好點(diǎn)。)
如果主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句則相應(yīng)地使用過(guò)去某一時(shí)態(tài),遇到客觀真理時(shí)仍然用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例:The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老師問(wèn)那個(gè)男孩地球是不是圓的。)
直接引用說(shuō)話人原來(lái)的語(yǔ)句,稱為直接引語(yǔ)。用自己的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述表達(dá)原來(lái)說(shuō)話人說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,稱為間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。
下面,我們來(lái)看看,在主句是過(guò)去時(shí)的情況下,從直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,時(shí)態(tài)都有怎樣的變化呢?
時(shí)態(tài)變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
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