初中語法精挑細講之句子類型(2)

　　主 句 從 句 例 子

　　一般將來時 一般現(xiàn)在時 I will go out for a walk if it doesn't rain tomorrow .

　　帶有情態(tài)動詞 You must look left and right when you cross the crossing .

　　祈使句 Ask him to give me a call as soon as he comes back .

　　過去時的某種時態(tài) 過去時的某種時態(tài) I went to bed at ten after the film was over. / The film had begun when I reached the cinema .

　　I was reading a book while he was singing a song .

　　○2 條件狀語從句：由if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case , if only, provided that等引導。（注：在條件狀語從句的將來時態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在時和過去時，表示相應(yīng)的將來時）。

　　I'll show you around the city if I am free tomorrow . / If I had enough money, I would buy the car .

　　○3 原因狀語從句：由because（因為）, as（由于）, since（既然）, for（因為）等引導。

　　He was absent yesterday because he was ill . / As it was already dark, they decided to stay in the town for the night .

　　○4 目的狀語從句：由so that, that, so, in order that, in case等引導。句中常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動詞。

　　He got up early so that he could catch the early train. / He studied hard in order that he might succeed .

　　○5 結(jié)果狀語從句：由so…that, so, so that, such…that等。

　　The film is so interesting that everyone likes to see it again . / Nothing more was heard of him, so people thought that he was dead .

　　○6 比較狀語從句：由than, as…as, not as(so)…as, the（＋比較級）…the（＋比較級）等引導。

　　Today is not as warm as yesterday. / He listens to the teacher more carefully than I .

　　○7 地點狀語從句：由where 和wherever等引導。地點狀語從句位于句首時，常用逗號與主句隔開；位于句末時則不用逗號。

　　He follows her wherever she goes .

　　○8 方式狀語從句：由as, just as…so, as if 等。As if 引導的從句的時態(tài)要用過去時（虛語語氣）。

　　Please do as I do . / He tells me the whole thing as if he knew everything .

　　○9 讓步狀語從句：由though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, no matter who等引導。

　　Although he has failed many times, he doesn't give up trying .

　　B．賓語從句：由一個句子充當賓語，我們稱之為賓語從句。（賓語從句的語序永遠是陳述語序）

　　○1 賓語從句的連詞。

　　a． 如果賓語從句是從陳述句變化而來的，要用連詞that來引導，that可以省略。

　　b． 如果賓語從句是從一般疑問句變化而來的，要用連詞if或whether .

　　c． 如果賓語從句是從特殊疑問句變化而來的，連詞就應(yīng)該用特殊疑問詞（what, when, where…）。

　　○2 賓語從句的時態(tài)：

　　主 句 從 句 例 子

　　任何一種時態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時（表示真理、科學原理、自然現(xiàn)象） The teacher told / tells us that the earth goes round the sun.

　　一般現(xiàn)在時 任何一種時態(tài) I hear that he will come back next week.

　　一般將來時 I will tell him that his father rang him up just now when he comes back .

　　一般過去時 過去時的某種時態(tài) I wondered if Tom would come back ./ Lucy asked whether I had finished my homework .

　　○3 賓語從句的人稱：人稱代詞要隨合理的邏輯而自然變化。

　　She said, "I am much better than before."--------She said that she was much better than before .

　　○4 when 和if 在引導賓語從句和狀語從句中，后面的時態(tài)有差別。

　　I don't know when (何時)she will be back（賓語從句）, but when(當…時候) she comes back, I'll let you know（狀語從句） .

　　I don't know if(是否) she will come back（賓語從句）, but if (如果)s 共有4條文章 頁次：3/4  分頁： 9 7 1 2 3 4 8 :

　　he comes back, I'll let you know （狀語從句） .

　　C．定語從句：在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句，被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who(人，主格), whom(人，賓客), whose(人，所有格), which(物), that(人，物)。引導從句的關(guān)系副詞有：where(地點), when(時間), why(原因)。

　　The man who lives next to us is a policeman./ You must do everything that I do ./ We will never forget the day when we visited Gaozhou .

　　主句/先行詞 從 句 主 句 主 句 / 先行詞 從 句 主 句 / 先行詞 從 句

　　○1 從句的謂語動詞和先行詞的關(guān)系。

　　a． 主謂關(guān)系：He asked the man(作從句主語) who/that was smoking .

　　b． 動賓關(guān)系：The noodles(作從句賓語) that/which I cooked were delicious .

　　○2 只能用that 的情況：

　　a． 先行詞為all, any, few, no, some, much, little等修飾。 I have done all the work that he told us to do .

　　b． 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾。 That last/first question that he asked me was hard to answer .

　　c． 先行詞同時有人和物。 They often talk about things and persons that they remember .

　　d． 先行詞是everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞。 I remembered everything that the teachers taught me before .

　　e． 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾。 That is the best book that I have read .

　　f． 先行詞被the very, the only, the same修飾。 It is the very book that I am looking for .

　　g． 先行詞是主句的表語或關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語。 China is no longer the country that it used to be .

　　h． 先行詞是指示代詞that, one, those, this, another, all等。 Is this school the one that I saw in the picture ?

　　i． 主句以who / which開頭，定語從句用that 。who is the girl that spoke to you just now ? / which is the car that was made in China ?

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