構(gòu)詞法之派生詞——否定詞綴
一、前綴"in-, im-, il-, ir-"可放在一些形容詞前表否定
1. 作為否定詞綴"in-"通常放在以"a, c, d, e, f, i, n, o, p, s, t, v"為首字母的形容詞前,例如:
articulate →inarticulate(不善于表達(dá)的)
considerate →inconsiderate(不體諒別人的)
credible →incredible(難以置信的)
discreet →indiscreet(不慎重的)
exact →inexact(不準(zhǔn)確的)
frequent →infrequent(不常發(fā)生的)
2. 作為否定詞綴"im-"通常只放在以"m, p"為首字母的形容詞前,例如:
mature →immature(不成熟的)
measurable →immeasurable(不可估量的)
partial →impartial(不偏不倚的)
patient →impatient(不耐煩的)
3. 作為否定詞綴"il-"通常只放在以"l"為首字母的形容詞前,例如:
legal →illegal(不合法的)
legible →illegible(無(wú)法辨識(shí)的)
4. 作為否定詞綴"ir-"通常只放在以"r"為首字母的形容詞前,例如:
relevant →irrelevant(不相關(guān)的)
reverent →irreverent(不恭的)
二、前綴"un-"也可放在一些形容詞前表否定作為否定詞綴"un-"通常放在以"k, l, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, y"等為首字母的形容詞前,例如:
wise →unwise(不明智的)
forgettable →unforgettable(難忘的)
"un-"也可放在一些動(dòng)詞前構(gòu)成該動(dòng)詞的反義詞,例如:
dress(穿衣服)→undress(脫衣服)
tie(系,捆,束)→untie(松開,解開)
三、前綴"dis-"可放在一些形容詞和動(dòng)詞前構(gòu)成與該詞含義相反的新詞
loyal →disloyal(不忠誠(chéng)的)
pleased →displeased(不高興的)
like →dislike(不喜歡)
appear →disappear(消失)
四、前綴"mis-"可放在一些動(dòng)詞前表示"錯(cuò)誤地……,糟糕地……"
understand →misunderstand(誤解)
use →misuse(濫用)
lead →mislead(誤導(dǎo))
五、后綴"-less"可放在一些動(dòng)詞和名詞后構(gòu)成形容詞,表示"沒(méi)有……,不能……"
pity →pitiless(無(wú)情的)
home →homeless(無(wú)家可歸的)
tire →tireless(不知疲倦的)
reck→reckless(不計(jì)后果的)
提示:具體哪個(gè)單詞用哪個(gè)否定詞綴,正如本文所述,有一定規(guī)律可循,但這些又不是絕對(duì)的規(guī)律,很多單詞都需要我們分別記憶。所以對(duì)否定詞綴的掌握,多看、多練是十分必要的。
考考你
用下列句子前括號(hào)里單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. (fear) John gave the chairman his honest opinion, _____ of the result.
2. (end) I’m fed up with your ____ complaining.
3. (close) The lifting of the curtain ____ a beautiful winter scene.
4. (appoint) My parents were _____ with me because I failed the exam.
5. (spell) The book contains quite a few _____ words; the proof- reader really should have been more careful.
6. (understand) Don’t ____ his si-lence for lack of interest; actually he is very interested in the subject we are discussing now.
7. (load) The American ship arrived at the port yesterday, and workers are _____ its contents in the harbor now.
8. (certain) I had a long talk with him yesterday, but I’m still _____ about his intention.
9. (regular) That young mother does not like _____ working hours.
10. (proper) Joking with other persons at this official celebration is _____ behavior for such a serious occasion.
參考答案
1. fearless 句意：約翰不懼后果，如實(shí)地向主席說(shuō)出了自己的看法。2. endless 句意：我對(duì)你無(wú)休止的抱怨厭倦透了。
3. disclosed 句意：卷起窗簾后，一幅美麗的冬景展現(xiàn)在眼前。
4. disappointed 句意：父母對(duì)我考試失利很失望。
5. misspelt 句意：這本書中有很多拼錯(cuò)了的單詞，校對(duì)員真應(yīng)該再仔細(xì)些。
6. misunderstand 句意：不要錯(cuò)把他的沉默當(dāng)成不感興趣，實(shí)際上他對(duì)我們目前正在討論的問(wèn)題很感興趣。
7. unloading 句意：這艘美國(guó)船是昨天抵達(dá)港口的，現(xiàn)在工人們正在卸船上的貨物。
8. uncertain 句意：昨天我跟他談了很久，但我現(xiàn)在仍不確定他的意圖。
9. irregular 句意：那位年輕母親不喜歡沒(méi)有規(guī)律的工作時(shí)間。
10. improper 句意：在這樣的官方慶典上與別人開玩笑，對(duì)于這種嚴(yán)肅的場(chǎng)合來(lái)說(shuō)是很不合適的行為.
歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪問(wèn)中考網(wǎng)，2023中考一路陪伴同行！>>點(diǎn)擊查看
