來(lái)源:中考網(wǎng) 作者:紫涵 2013-02-05 16:53:53
當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),這時(shí)往往不用by短語(yǔ)。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰(shuí)打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒(méi)必要指出工資是誰(shuí)付的)
突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,用by短語(yǔ)。
The time-table has been changed. 時(shí)間表已變動(dòng)了。(要突出的是“時(shí)間”)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書(shū)是專(zhuān)門(mén)為孩子們寫(xiě)的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“”這些書(shū))
為了使語(yǔ)言得體或圓滑等不愿意說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請(qǐng)您在下次會(huì)議上作個(gè)發(fā)言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據(jù)說(shuō)她要嫁給一個(gè)外國(guó)人。
出于修辭的原因,或是說(shuō)為了更好地安排句子。如:
It is generally considered impolite to ask one’s age, salary, marriage, etc. . 問(wèn)別人的年齡、工資、婚姻狀況等通常被認(rèn)為是不禮貌的。
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個(gè)提議特別遭到了那些在本地區(qū)投資很大的人的反對(duì)。(因those的定語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)了,若用它作主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)就相距太遠(yuǎn)而顯得句子松散。)
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