來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整理 2019-05-12 16:36:09
英語句子是由主語(subject), 謂語動(dòng)詞(verb),賓語(object), 表語(predicative),狀語(adverbial),賓語補(bǔ)足語(object complement)等成分組成,按照這些成分的組合方式英語句子可分為五種基本句型。
句型一:主語 不及物動(dòng)詞
不及物動(dòng)詞本身就可以表達(dá)完整的意念, 不需要賓語及補(bǔ)語, 但有時(shí)可有副詞, 介詞短語等狀語修飾語。
e.g. The rain stopped .
The old man walks in the park .
句型一的擴(kuò)展:1.主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 狀語
e.g. The machine works smoothly. (機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。)
2.There 不及物動(dòng)詞 主語
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .
There comes the bus .
3. 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他們停下來稍作休息)
特別提醒
動(dòng)詞stop 可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作及物動(dòng)詞。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí), 通常后接動(dòng)詞不定式,表示停下來的目的是做另一件事。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),通常后接動(dòng)名詞,表示停止做這件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
句型二 :主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語
系動(dòng)詞本身不能表達(dá)完整的意念沒,需要形容詞,名詞,介詞短語等來補(bǔ)充說明主語,也叫主語補(bǔ)語。
e.g. My sister is a nurse .
I feel quite hungry .
The ball is under the desk .
句型三:主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語
及物動(dòng)詞本身需要一個(gè)動(dòng)作的接受者(賓語),才可以表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意念。
e.g. We are learning English .
Do you know him ?
Your radio needs repairing .
She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四:主語 及物動(dòng)詞 間接賓語 直接賓語
有些及物動(dòng)詞需要兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
Give me the book, please.
特別提醒
A. 在此句型中, 通常是間接賓語(人)在前,直接賓語(物)在后,有時(shí)直接賓語和間接賓語可以對調(diào),這時(shí)間接賓語前應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
Give the book to me , please .
直接賓語與間接賓語對調(diào)時(shí),間接賓語前加介詞to的動(dòng)詞有:
give(給), tell(告訴) , lend(借給) , sell(賣), teach(教) , send(寄給), write(寫給), show(出示) , return(還給), bring(帶給), pass(遞給), leave(留給), offer(提供), hand(交給)
間接賓語前加介詞for的動(dòng)詞有:
buy(買), choose(選擇), get (弄到), make(做), order(訂購), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏) #p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#
B. 如果直接賓語為人稱代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接賓語前,且間接賓語前要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
e.g. I handed it to our teacher .
不能說:I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),可分為兩種情況。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五:主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語
及物動(dòng)詞本身需要一個(gè)賓語外, 還需要一個(gè)名詞,形容詞,副詞, 動(dòng)詞不定式,分詞來補(bǔ)充說明賓語,才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop .
The teacher asked me to answer the question .
I found the man stealing the money .
I found my money stolen .
特別提醒
A. 現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系;過去分詞為賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語與過去分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
B. 在let(讓),make(使得),have(請,讓,使得),see(看),hear(聽到),watch(觀看),feel(感覺到),listen to (傾聽),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語如果為不定式, 則省掉"to",但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí), 則要帶"to".
e.g. We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),只有一種情況。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man's money.
He was seen to steal the old man's money
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