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初中英語必考八大時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及用法詳解(2)

來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整理 2020-01-15 17:33:05

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  一般將來時(shí)

  標(biāo)志:will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形

  1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如:

  We shall have a lot of rain next month.

  My husband will come back in a few days.

  2.  表示傾向性和習(xí)慣性:

  Fish will die without water.

  When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.

  3.  一般將來時(shí)的幾種句式結(jié)構(gòu)辨析:

  1) will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形

  多用于表達(dá)主觀愿望或必定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情(“將會(huì)如何”)

  *shall作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)一般只用于第一人稱

  2) be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形

  表示即將發(fā)生或打算要做的事:

  It is going to rain.

  We are going to have a meeting today.

  3) be to + 動(dòng)詞原形

  表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:

  He is to visit Japan next year.

  We are to discuss the report on Monday.

  4)  be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形

  表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,意為“馬上要做某事”,后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語,如:

  The plane is about to start.

  Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.

  4

  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

  標(biāo)志:be + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

  1.  表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作:

  She is writing a letter upstairs.

  Who are you waiting for?

  It is raining hard.

  2.  表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行):

  I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.

  3.  表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,往往包含說話者贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒,通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如:

  John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.

  He is always thinking of others first.

  4. 表示將來

  1)  表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,僅適用于部分趨向動(dòng)詞(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:

  Uncle Wang is coming.

  They're leaving for Beijing.

  2)  在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事情。如:

  Please drop in when you are passing my way.

  If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.

  5

  過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

  標(biāo)志:was / were + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

  1.  表示過去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中常用的時(shí)間狀語有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如:

  I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.

  They were watching TV at home last night.

  2.  表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,往往包含說話者贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等情緒,通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如:

  My brother was always losing his keys.

  3.  表示按計(jì)劃、安排過去某時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,僅適用于部分趨向動(dòng)詞(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:

  He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.

  4.  過去進(jìn)行時(shí)有一個(gè)主要用法就是描述一件事情發(fā)生的背景(一個(gè)長動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生):

  Granny fell asleep when she was reading.

  It was raining when they left the station.

  6

  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

  標(biāo)志:have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

  1. 表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生并已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀況(表示“已完成”)。如:

  He has left the city. (結(jié)果:他目前不在這個(gè)城市)

  Someone has broken the window. (結(jié)果:窗戶破了)

  2. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去(表示“未完成”)。

  I have been busy since last week.

  He has taught in our school for 30 years.

  I’ve finished half so far.

  注意 瞬間動(dòng)詞通常是不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表持續(xù)性的,但其否定結(jié)構(gòu)則可以。如:

  She hasn’t seen you for ages.

  His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.

  3. 表示過去到現(xiàn)在為止反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),常與表示頻度的副詞always, often, every day等連用。如:

  I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.

  4. 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。如:

  I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

  If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.

  5. 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的常見詞語

  能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常見的有:

  1) since 自從

  I have been there many times since the war.

  We haven’t seen each other since last week.

  We have been friends ever since.

  2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在過去/最近…中

  I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.

  Great changes have take place in the last ten years.

  I have been here (for) the last/past month.

  3) so far 到目前為止

  We haven’t had any trouble so far.

  So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.

  4)  up to/until now 到現(xiàn)在為止

  Up to now he’s been quiet.

  Up to now, the work has been easy.

  I have heard nothing from him up till now.

  Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.

  5)  It is/will be the first/second … time that … 這是第一/二…次…

  It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.

  It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.

  It is the second time (that) I have met him today.

  6)  This is + 形容詞最高級(jí) + that … 這是最…

  This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.

  6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

  1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果,與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系;

  而一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去,不涉及對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。如:

  I have seen this film. (我已經(jīng)看過了這部電影)

  I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的這部電影)

  2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆沒有時(shí)間狀語;

  而一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。

  3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)時(shí)一般使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(如live, teach, work, know等);

  而一般過去時(shí)常使用瞬間動(dòng)詞(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如:

  He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.

  My grandfather bought the car five years ago.

  7. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)辨析

  1)  考生容易把一些瞬間動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá),這是錯(cuò)誤的。如:

  (×) He has died for two years. 他死了兩年了。

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