來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-04-22 15:22:57
①基本結(jié)構(gòu):
肯定句式:be +done (及物動詞的過去分詞)
如果是不及物動詞 + 相應(yīng)的介詞或副詞
否定句式:be +not +done
疑問句式:be動詞(情態(tài)動詞)放句首
被動語態(tài)中的be為助動詞,無意義。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。
注:☆被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由be的時態(tài)決定的,be是什么時態(tài),全句就是什么時態(tài),be后面的過去分詞不變。
Eg:
1.The song is liked by young people. (肯定句)
2.The song isn’t liked by young people.(否定句)
3. Is the song liked by young people ?(一般疑問句)
4.Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?(特殊疑問句)
②各種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成(動詞以do為例):
→一般現(xiàn)在時
動詞的被動形式:am/is /are done
例句:He is asked to do this.
→一般過去時
動詞的被動形式:was/were done
例句:The story was told by her mother.
→一般將來時
動詞的被動形式:will /shall be done
Is/are going to
例句:The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
→過去將來時
動詞的被動形式:should/would be done
Was/were are going to
例句:He said the trees would be planted soon.
→現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
動詞的被動形式:am/is/are being done
例句:The novel is being written.
→過去進(jìn)行時
動詞的被動形式:was/were being done
例句:At that time the desk was being made.
→現(xiàn)在完成時
動詞的被動形式:has/have been done
例句:The house has been built.
→過去完成時
動詞的被動形式:had been done
例句:They said that their work had been finished.
含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):情態(tài)動詞+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today.
其它幾種特殊句型:
It is said that ……..
It is well known that …….
It is reported that……
例:
①History is made by the people. (一般現(xiàn)在時)
②The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般過去時)
③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般將來時)
④The room must be kept clean.(含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài))
⑤The door is being opened.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)
⑥The film has been seen by me.(現(xiàn)在完成時)
注:☆不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動詞be的變化上,同時助動詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。
③應(yīng)用情況
行為的執(zhí)行者不明確或不必說出來。
Eg: A stranger was killed last night.
用于強調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者。
Eg: The story is told everywhere in the city.
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