條件狀語從句
定義
結(jié)果狀語從句的從句是用來補(bǔ)充說明主句中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的結(jié)果的，一般位于主句之后。常用來連接結(jié)果狀語從句的連接詞有：so that、so...that...、such...that...等。
so that
so that既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句(表示“為了，以便”)， 也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句(表示“因此，以至于”)。
① He worried so that he couldn’t sleep.他急得睡不著。(so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)② It was very cold, so that the river froze.天氣寒冷， 河水都結(jié)冰了。(so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)③ I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.我趕早來上課， 以便早點(diǎn)看到我旁邊的同學(xué)。(so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)
so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句1. She sat behind me so that I couldn’t see her.2. His anger was such that he lost control of himself.3. The problem was so difficult that I couldn’t solve it.4.He is so young that he can’t join the army.5. It was such an exciting film that we couldn’t forget it.
當(dāng)連接目的狀語從句時(shí)，一般that從句中會(huì)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而當(dāng)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，大多不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。目的狀語從句：I always get up early so that I can catch the first bus. 我總是早起，以便能夠趕上首班車。結(jié)果狀語從句：I got up early, so that I caught the first bus. 我早早就起床了，結(jié)果趕上了首班車。
表示“如此……以致……”的“so... that...”和“such... that...”均可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句， 其中的such 是形容詞， 修飾名詞; so 是副詞， 修飾形容詞或副詞， 具體的搭配形式是：①so+adj./adv.+that②so+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that;③such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that。④so+many/ much / little/ few+adj.+n.阿希學(xué)姐15年從教經(jīng)驗(yàn)教你「課文」+「發(fā)音」+「單詞」+「語法」+「考試技巧」=〔100%〕通過「考試/考證」→公眾號(hào)【阿希英語】
so...that...
1、so+形容詞+that
He was so ill that two nurses attended on him.他病得那樣重，有兩個(gè)護(hù)士照顧他。The room was so hot that she felt dizzy.房間里如此之熱,以至于她覺得頭暈?zāi)垦！?/p>
2、so+副詞+thatHe spoke so clearly that I could hear every word.他講得非常清楚，每個(gè)字我都聽得見。They sat so close that their heads nearly touched.他們坐得那么近，頭都差不多碰到一起了。
such...that...
與so...that...不同的是，such...that...中的such后接的是名詞。其常見的結(jié)構(gòu)用法有：
1、such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatHe's such a good swimmer that he makes me look sick.他游得這么好，真叫我相形見絀。Her husband is such a bear that nobody likes him.她丈夫很粗暴，沒人喜歡他。
2、such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatHe told us such funny stories that we all laughed.他對(duì)我們講了那么些有趣的故事，我們?nèi)脊笮Α?/p>
3、such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+thatIt is such terrible weather that it is absurd to go out.在這么惡劣的天氣里出去太荒唐。
so many/much/few/little...that....
so與表示數(shù)量的代詞many、 few、much、little等連用是常見固定搭配， 不能換用such的對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
1、so+many/few(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)+thatmany/few有時(shí)作定語，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但有時(shí)直接用作表語，后面不再接其他成分。They asked so many questions that they confused me.他們問了許許多多問題，把我弄糊涂了。The butterflies are so many that they often cover entire trees .蝴蝶數(shù)量多的時(shí)候，它們經(jīng)常會(huì)遍布整片樹林。He has so few friends that his life is lonely.他的朋友很少，因此他的生活非常孤單。The members are so few that we can't start the project.成員太少，因此我們無法啟動(dòng)該計(jì)劃。
2、so+much/little(+不可數(shù)名詞)+that與many/few一樣，much/little有時(shí)作定語，后接不可數(shù)名詞，但有時(shí)直接用作表語，后面不再接其他成分。She wore so much jewellery that she seemed to be covered in gold.她戴了那么多首飾，看上去象是包在金子里似的。)He talk so much that no one else can get a word in edgeways.他講得滔滔不絕，別人都無法插嘴。There is so little time left that I don't think I can finish it as scheduled.剩下這么少的時(shí)間，我想我不能按時(shí)完成。The box costs so little that I can afford it.這個(gè)箱子很便宜,我買得起。阿希學(xué)姐15年從教經(jīng)驗(yàn)教你「課文」+「發(fā)音」+「單詞」+「語法」+「考試技巧」=〔100%〕通過「考試/考證」→公眾號(hào)【阿希英語】
比較：so和 such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組。so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞，so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。so foolish,such a fool ,so nice a flower,such a nice flower ,so many flowers,so few flowers,such nice flowers,so much money,so little money,such rapid progress,so many people,such a lot of people,
①He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.他說話太快， 無人聽得明白。②I have had so many fallsthat I’m black and blue.我摔了如此多跤以至我全身青紅紫綠。③There are so few books that I can’t give you one .書如此之少以至我不能給你一本。④They are such interesting movies that I want to see them again and again .⑤They are so many interesting movies that I want to see them again and again .⑥Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities.我們國家的煤炭非常豐富， 可以大量出口。⑦The shop sells so expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.這家商店出售的貨物價(jià)格昂貴， 以致我在里面不想購買任何東西。⑧He’s such a good person that we mustn’t blame him.他是這樣好的人， 我們不能怪他.⑨They are such fine teachers that we all respect them .他們是非常好的老師， 我們對(duì)他們極為尊敬。⑩It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach.天氣如此之好， 我想去海灘。
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
so...that/such...that與too...to.../enough...to...句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
so…that與 such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “...so + 形容詞(副詞)+ that + 從句The boy is so young that he can't go to school.=He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.
too+adj./adv. to+v. “太...而不能做某事”He is too young to go to school.他年紀(jì)太小還不能上學(xué)。
adj./adv.+enough to +v.“足夠...而能做某事”He is old enough to go to school.他足夠大了能上學(xué)了/他已到了上學(xué)的年齡了。
通常來說，這四種句型可用于同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，具體如下：too...to... =not 反義詞enough to =so...that 否定句 = such...that否定句例：He is too young to go to school.= He is not old enough to go to school.= He is so young that he can't go to school.= He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.
特殊情況
that也可以直接用來連接結(jié)果狀語從句。
What have we done that you should be so angry with us?我們做了什么使你這么生氣?
如果結(jié)果狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同， 可用so (adj./adv.) as to取代該結(jié)果狀語從句。The weather was so bad that it made it hard to take a good photo.上面句子中的主句和從句的主語都是the weather，所以可以改為：The weather was bad, so as to make a good photo hard to take.天氣惡劣， 以致難以拍出來好照片。
He was so kind as to phone for a taxi for the patient.他是如此熱心， 以至于他為病人打電話叫了出租車。How could you be so stupid as to believe him?你怎么這么笨， 竟相信了他的話?
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞或副詞，so/such···that···引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，可把so/such部分置于句首，采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。So tired was I that I lost myself during marching.我太累了，甚至在行進(jìn)中睡著了。Such a good student is he that we all like him.他是個(gè)這么好的學(xué)生，所以我們都喜歡他。
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