副詞：
用來(lái)說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等含義或說(shuō)明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。
1、副詞的分類：(見下表)
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時(shí) 間 副 詞
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頻度副詞
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地點(diǎn)/方位副詞
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程度副詞
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方式副詞
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疑問(wèn)/連接副詞
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其他副詞
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today, tomorrow,
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once,
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here, there,
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very, too,
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well,
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how,
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too, also,
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yesterday, now,
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twice,
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home, below,
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enough,
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hard,
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where,
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nor, so,
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then, early, late,
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always,
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anywhere,
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rather, quite,
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alone,
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when,
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as, on,off,
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once, soon, just,
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usually,
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above, outside,
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how, so,
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fast,
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why,
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either,
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tonight, long,
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often,
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in, inside, out,
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much, just,
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together,
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whether
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yes, no,
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already, yet, before,
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sometimes,
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back, up, down,
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nearly, only
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suddenly,
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however, etc.
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not, neither
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ago, later, ever since
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never,
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away, off, far,
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almost, hardly,
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-ly結(jié)尾
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關(guān)系副詞
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maybe,
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after, whenever
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(seldom),
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near, nearby,
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as long as等,
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的副詞
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where,
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perhaps,
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first, someday,
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ever,
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wherever
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even, all,
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why, how
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certainly,
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sometime, last,
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everywhere,
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a little, a bit
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when,
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2、副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：
⑴作狀語(yǔ)：
① 時(shí)間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在動(dòng)詞的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我們明天要去參觀長(zhǎng)城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)英王國(guó)兩次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)
② 頻度副詞：一般放在be動(dòng)詞之后或者助動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~之間,但sometimes、often等還可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有時(shí)起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人們通常在廠里吃午飯) / Take this medicine twice a day.(這種藥一天吃兩次)
③ 方式副詞：一般放在行為動(dòng)之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動(dòng)詞之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看見了一絲亮光)
④ 地點(diǎn)副詞：一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上萬(wàn)的自行車朝各個(gè)方向流動(dòng)) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)
⑤ 程度副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),放在動(dòng)詞之前;修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),放在形容詞或副詞之前。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動(dòng)詞的后面;only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告訴我,我?guī)缀醢涯鞘氯? / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地趕到車站趕上了首班車)
⑥ 疑問(wèn)副詞：用于對(duì)句子的狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn),位置總是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何時(shí)何地出生?)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小愛迪生為什么要坐在雞蛋上?)/ How do you do?(你好!)
⑦ 連接副詞：用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎樣殺死那只貓還是個(gè)問(wèn)題)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事)
⑧ 關(guān)系副詞：用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(請(qǐng)告訴我你的英語(yǔ)是怎樣學(xué)得這么好的方法)
⑨ 其它副詞：too“也”,用在句尾;also放在動(dòng)詞前;either “也不”,放在句尾;nor“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,這樣”,放在形容詞、副詞前;on/off“開/關(guān)”放在動(dòng)詞之后;not放在be之后、助動(dòng)詞之后、不定式或動(dòng)名詞之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或動(dòng)詞之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里) / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(湯姆沒有計(jì)算機(jī),我也沒有。)
(2)作表語(yǔ)：地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作表語(yǔ),放在be等連系動(dòng)詞之后,說(shuō)明人物所處的位置。如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有將近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那邊)
(3)作定語(yǔ)：時(shí)間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點(diǎn)副詞都可以作名詞的定語(yǔ),放在名詞的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現(xiàn)在的人們經(jīng)常在餐館里吃節(jié)日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀(jì)20年代那兒的女人過(guò)著可怕的日子)
(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的臟襪子拿開!它們?cè)谏l(fā)著臭氣。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父親把他關(guān)在家里做作業(yè))
[注意] “動(dòng)詞+副詞”的賓語(yǔ)如果是代詞,則該副詞應(yīng)該放在代詞之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他寫下了那個(gè)詞。)→He wrote it down.(他把它寫了下來(lái)。)
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