來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-02-13 17:28:07
溶液的稀釋和增濃問題
(1)關(guān)于溶液的稀釋計算:因為稀釋前后溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變,所以若設(shè)濃溶液質(zhì)量為Ag,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,加水稀釋成溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%的稀溶液Bg,則Ag×a%=Bg×b%其中B=A+m水
(2)溶液增濃的計算
①向原溶液中添加溶質(zhì):設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為Ag,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,加溶質(zhì)Bg后變成溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%溶液,則Ag×a%+Bg=(Ag+Bg)×b%
②將原溶液蒸發(fā)掉部分溶劑:因為溶液蒸發(fā)溶劑前后,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變。所以若設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為Ag,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,蒸發(fā)Bg水后變成溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%溶液,則
Ag×a%=(Ag-Bg)×b%
③與濃溶液混合:因為混合物溶液的總質(zhì)量等于兩混合組分溶液的質(zhì)量之和;旌虾蟮娜芤褐腥苜|(zhì)的質(zhì)量等于兩混合組分的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量之和。所以設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為Ag,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,濃溶液的質(zhì)量為Bg,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%,兩溶液混合后得到溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為c%的溶液,則Ag×a%+Bg×b%=(Ag+Bg)×c%
注意
溶液的質(zhì)量和體積換算:密度=質(zhì)量/體積
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