2023年初中英語語法動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語詳解

1動(dòng)詞的基本框架

動(dòng)詞包括實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

(一)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語的動(dòng)詞。按其句法功能可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞;按其持續(xù)性可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

1.及物動(dòng)詞：

及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整,需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。(1)動(dòng)詞+賓語I like this book very much.我非常喜歡這本書。(2)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)We call the bird Polly.我們叫這只鳥Polly。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看見孩子們在公園玩。注意:用省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。(3)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Please pass me the salt.請把鹽遞給我。常見的帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。

2.不及物動(dòng)詞

不及物動(dòng)詞自身意思完整,不用接賓語。Horses run fast.馬跑得快。(1)有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。(及物動(dòng)詞)We study hard.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。(不及物動(dòng)詞)(2)有些不及物動(dòng)詞與一些別的詞搭配在一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語,它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。①動(dòng)詞+介詞Listen to the teacher carefully.仔細(xì)聽老師講。此類動(dòng)詞短語后面的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都只能放在介詞后面,不能放在動(dòng)詞和介詞之間。②動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞Let’s go on with our work!讓我們繼續(xù)我們的工作吧!He gets along well with his classmates.他與他的同學(xué)們相處得很好。注意:這類動(dòng)詞短語后的賓語只能放在介詞的后面。

3.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

(1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可以持續(xù)的,可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如:live,study,work,keep,teach等。We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.自2001年以來,我們一直住在蘇州。You can keep this book for two weeks.這本書你可以借兩周。(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作,動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生立即結(jié)束,如:buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如果和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,就要用其他的詞代替。The old man has been dead for two years.那個(gè)老人已經(jīng)去世兩年了。(這里不能用has died)He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到這兒的。系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語,必須和表語一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep等。這些詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。He is a strong man.他是一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的人。Mr Wang seems very angry.王先生似乎很生氣。This kind of cloth feels soft.這種布料摸起來很柔軟。The flower smells sweet.這朵花聞起來很香。You must keep healthy.你必須保持健康。Her face turns red.她的臉紅了。

(三)助動(dòng)詞

助動(dòng)詞本身無意義或意義不完整,不能單獨(dú)作謂語。它必須和別的動(dòng)詞連用,幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句和疑問句等結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的助動(dòng)詞有be、have、has、had、do、does、did、will和shall等。1.助動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are,was,were)(1)助動(dòng)詞be+現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)。They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.他們問我整個(gè)下午在干什么。(2)助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。English is spoken in many countries.許多國家都講英語。2.助動(dòng)詞have/has/had+過去分詞形式,構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。We have studied English for five years.我們學(xué)英語已經(jīng)五年了。Have you seen Li Hua?你見到李華了嗎?We have read English for an hour.我們讀了一小時(shí)英語了。3.助動(dòng)詞do/does/did用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句,用于倒裝句,加強(qiáng)說話的語氣及代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞等。—Do you live in China?你住在中國嗎?—Yes,I do.是的,我住在中國。He didn’t play basketball yesterday.他昨天沒有打籃球。Only then did I realize I was wrong.直到那時(shí)我才意識到我錯(cuò)了。4.助動(dòng)詞will和shall用于構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)。(shall主要用于第一人稱,will可用于各種人稱)There will be a football match this evening.今晚將有一場足球比賽。I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.到下個(gè)生日,我就十六歲了。He asked me when we would leave.他問我我們何時(shí)動(dòng)身。

(四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

有一定的詞義,本身并不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),而僅僅表示說話人的態(tài)度。它在句中需和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語。

中考試練

1. Don’t ___ any more time, or we will miss the meeting.A. saveB. trustC. wasteD. love【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不要____任何更多的時(shí)間，否則我們將會(huì)錯(cuò)過會(huì)議。save節(jié)省;trust信任;waste浪費(fèi);love熱愛。根據(jù)后面的“否則我們將會(huì)錯(cuò)過會(huì)議”可知此處是指“浪費(fèi)”，故選C。2. My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn’t ___ to see them after being away from home for several months.A. waitB. helpC. expectD. afford【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父母說他們要來看我。離開家?guī)讉�(gè)月之后我____見到他們。wait等待;help幫助;expect期望;afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起。根據(jù)語境可知此處指迫不及待見到他們，can’t wait to do sth.意為“迫不及待做某事”，為固定搭配。故選A。3. In our life, we need to ___ those people who help us, such as our parents, teachers and friends.A. thankB. remindC. teachD. look【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我們的生活當(dāng)中，我們需要____那些幫助我們的人，例如我們的父母、老師和朋友。thank感謝;remind提醒;teach教;look看。根據(jù)常識可知要感謝那些幫助過我們的人。故選A。4. —Come home before dinner time, Peter!— I ___, Mom.A. promiseB. guessC. wishD. admire【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意“晚飯前回家，皮特!”“我____，媽媽。”promise保證：guess猜測：wish希望：admire贊賞。結(jié)合語境可知是答應(yīng)媽媽的要求，故選A。5. Tom and Jerry is very funny. I can’t help ___ when I watch it.A. singingB. laughingC. sleeping D. talking【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：《湯姆和杰里》(《貓和老鼠》)非常有趣。當(dāng)我看它的時(shí)候，我忍不住____。singing唱歌：laughing大笑;sleeping睡覺;talking談?wù)摗８鶕?jù)funny并結(jié)合常識可知《貓和老鼠》是一部非常有趣的動(dòng)畫片，常常使人大笑不已。故選B6. — I’ve no idea where to go next month.—Why not ___ visiting Beijing? There are so many places of interest there.A. suggestB. wonderC. considerD. regard【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意“我不知道下個(gè)月去哪里。”“為什么不____參觀北京呢?那里有很多名勝古跡。”suggest建議;wonder想知道，好奇;consider考慮;regard認(rèn)為。consider doing sth.“考慮做某事”符合語境，故選C。7. Don’t ___ the chance when you can catch it, or you will regret.A. guessB. missC. rememberD. allow【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：能抓住機(jī)會(huì)的時(shí)候不要____，否則你會(huì)后悔的。guess猜測;miss錯(cuò)過;remember記得;allow允許。分析句意可知此處指，只要能抓住機(jī)會(huì)就不要錯(cuò)過，故選B。8. —When will Mr.Green ___ Beijing? —In a week.A. reachB. getC. arriveD. come【答案】A【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意“格林先生什么時(shí)候____北京?”“一周后。”四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均有到達(dá)之意，reach及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟賓語;get不及物動(dòng)詞，get to+地點(diǎn);arrive不及物動(dòng)詞，arrive in+大地方，arrive at+小地方;come不及物動(dòng)詞，come to+地點(diǎn)。故選A。9. —How long can I ___ this book?—For five days. But you must return it on time.A. borrowB. lendC. keepD. take【答案】C【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意“我可以____這本書多久?”“五天。但你必須要按時(shí)還書。”根據(jù)“How long”可知空處需填延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，其它均為短暫性動(dòng)詞。故選C。10. The air ___ fresh after the rain, and the sky is blue.A. feelsB. tastesC. smellsD. sounds【答案】C【解析】考查感官動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雨后的空氣____清新，并且天空是藍(lán)色的。feels摸起來;tastes嘗起來;smells聞起來;sounds聽起來。分析句意及聯(lián)系常識可知，雨后的空氣聞起來很清新，故選C。11. The orange ___ so sweet. I want to have another one.A. tastesB. feelsC. smellsD. looks【答案】A【解析】考查感官動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)橙子____真甜。我還想再吃一個(gè)。橙子應(yīng)是嘗起來甜。故選A。

總結(jié)：

2動(dòng)詞語境辨析如：--I ___ the school bus this morning.--Luckily, Tom’s father gave me a ride.A. tookB. caughtC. sawD. missed中考對近義動(dòng)詞的辨析涉及，主要考查學(xué)生對近義詞的辨析應(yīng)用，此類試題要求學(xué)生掌握各近義詞的不同用法、固定搭配及句型，注重細(xì)節(jié)的考查。borrow非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主語“借入”，常用搭配borrow sth. from sb.lend非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主語“借出”，常用搭配lend sth. to sb.或lend sb. sth.keep延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“長時(shí)間地借””get get to+地點(diǎn)名詞reach及物動(dòng)詞，后面可直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞reach 及物動(dòng)詞，后面可直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞arrive in+大地點(diǎn)(名詞)at+小地點(diǎn)(名詞)dress dress sb. 給某人穿衣服 dress sb. up 打扮某人put on 穿上，戴上，表示動(dòng)作wear 穿著，戴著，表示狀態(tài)spend 人作主語，表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢，后接on sth. 或(in) doing sth.cost 物作主語，表示“某物花費(fèi)多少錢”take 可用于固定句型，表示“花費(fèi)一段時(shí)間做某事”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+takes/took+一段時(shí)間+to do sth.pay 常與介詞for連用，表示“支付”see “看見”，表示結(jié)果look “看”，表示動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面需加介詞at才能跟賓語watch “觀看(比賽、電視等)”read “看(書、報(bào)等)”，表示閱讀speak 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后接表示語言的名詞，表示“說，講述”say 常跟直接引語或間接引語，表示說的內(nèi)容talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞，常跟介詞to和with，意為“同……談話”，也表示具有說話能力tell 意為“告訴”，與story連用，意為“講故事”bring “帶來，拿來”，表示拿到靠近說話人的地方take “拿去，帶走”，表示拿到遠(yuǎn)離說話人的地方carry “扛，搬，用力移動(dòng)”，沒有方向fetch “去取，去拿”，表示往返拿東西lose 意為“輸給”某人，固定搭配為lose to sb.fail 意為“失敗”或“未做成某事”beat 意為“打敗”，后接人或某支隊(duì)伍win 意為“贏得，榮譽(yù)，地位，比賽等”join 一般指加入“黨派”或“組織”并成為其中一員，如參軍，入黨，入團(tuán)等join in 指參加競賽、娛樂、游戲等活動(dòng)take part in 指參加聚會(huì)或群眾性活動(dòng)attend 一般指出席會(huì)議、典禮、婚禮等turn 一般用于顏色的變化get 天變黑、變長或變短become 天氣變暖或變冷等，表示漸變grow 形狀變大或變小

3.感官動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

sound 意為“聽起來……”指聽覺。good, wonderful, interesting, boringlook 意為“看起來……”表示相貌，外觀。指視覺。beautiful, ugly, young, oldtaste 意為“嘗起來……”表示味道。指味覺。delicious, salty, sweet, sour。smell 意為“聞起來……”表示氣味。指嗅覺 sweet, nice, freshfeel 意為“感覺，摸起來……”指觸覺。soft, smooth, comfortable

中考試練

3動(dòng)詞短語1.National Day is coming. I’m ________ visiting Tian’anmen Square.(期待)【答案】looking forward to【解析】句意：國慶節(jié)即將來臨。我期待參觀天安門廣場。期待look forward to。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填looking forward to。2. Tom always ________ his teacher in class, so he is making progress.(注意)【答案】pays attention to【解析】句意：湯姆經(jīng)常在課堂上集中注意力于老師，因此他正在取得進(jìn)步。pay attention to集中注意力，主語為第三人稱，且根據(jù)always可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填pays attention to。3.If you _______ in the city, you'd better ask the police for help.(走失)【答案】get lost【解析】句意：如果你在這個(gè)城市里走失，你最好向警察求助。走失get lost。4.Kate decided to ________ Beijing next week.(前往)【答案】leave for【解析】句意：凱特決定下周前往北京。前往，leave for。decide to do sth.決定做某事。故填leave for。5.This book _______ Mary because J.K. Rowling is her favorite writer.(屬于)【答案】belongs to【解析】句意：這本書屬于瑪麗，因?yàn)镴.K羅琳是她最喜愛的作家。屬于belong to。主語為單三形式，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單三形式，故填belongs to。

總結(jié)：

動(dòng)詞短語

come up走近;發(fā)生;上升come up withcome down 下來;落下come true(希望、夢想等)實(shí)現(xiàn)come out出版;發(fā)表;開花;發(fā)芽come back 回來come in進(jìn)來come across (偶然)遇見(或發(fā)現(xiàn))come on 快點(diǎn);加油come from來自come over順便來訪

試一試

1. I ________ an old friend when I took a walk in the park.(偶遇)【答案】came across【解析】句意：我在公園散步的時(shí)候偶遇了我的老朋友。偶遇come across;該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填came across。2. Study harder, and you’ll make your dream ___ one day.A. come outB. come fromC. come trueD. come on【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：努力學(xué)習(xí)，你的夢想有一天就會(huì)____。come out出版，發(fā)表;come from來自;come true實(shí)現(xiàn);come on加油。根據(jù)句意可知表示夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選C。3. The famous writer introduced us his new book that will ___ next month.A. come downB. come outC. come backD. come over【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：這位著名的作家向我們介紹他將在下個(gè)月____的新書。come down下降，下來;come out出版;come back回來;come over 順便來訪。根據(jù)題意可知此處指，新書即將出版,故選B。put on穿上;上演;增加put up 張貼;搭建put down寫下;放下put off推遲;拖延put out撲滅;熄滅(火)put away把……收起來put into把……放進(jìn)

試一試

1. It’s cold outside, Sandy. You’d better ______ your coat to keep warm.(穿上)【答案】put on【解析】句意：桑迪，外面冷。你最好穿上外套保暖。put on穿上，had better do sth.最好做某事。故填put on。2. Lily, you should ________ your gloves when you don't use them.(收起來)【答案】put away【解析】句意：莉莉，當(dāng)你不用手套的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該把它們收起來。收起來put away。should后用動(dòng)詞原形。3. The fire fighters _______ the fire successfully in the neighborhood.(撲滅)【答案】put up【解析】句意：消防員們成功地?fù)錅缌诵�區(qū)的火。put out撲滅。根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去式put的過去式為put。故填put up。4. —We can’t ___ making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.—Yes, I think so.A. put downB. put upC. put outD. put off【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意“我們不能____制定計(jì)劃。清潔日距現(xiàn)在只有兩周時(shí)間了。”“是的，我也這么認(rèn)為。”put on穿上;put up張貼;put out撲滅;put off推遲。根據(jù)句意可知是不能推遲制定計(jì)劃了。故選D。

3.

look after 照顧;照看look at看;朝……看look for尋找;尋求look like看起來像look through 瀏覽look up(詞典書中等)查閱;查找look around 環(huán)顧四周look out當(dāng)心look over (仔細(xì))檢查look out of往……外面看look forward to 盼望;期待

試一試

1._______ the sign. It’s not allowed to park here.(看)【答案】look at【解析】句意：看標(biāo)志。這里不允許停車�？磍ook at，分析句子可知此句子為祈使句，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。注意句首單詞首字母大寫。2. I need to ______ my watch. It’s lost.(尋找)【答案】look for【解析】句意：我需要尋找我的手表。它不見了。尋找look for，need to do sth.需要做某事。故填look for。3. Don’t _______ anyone. Everyone has his or her advantages.(看不起)【答案】look down upon【解析】句意：不要看不起任何人。每個(gè)人都有他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)�？床黄餷ook down upon。4. Almost every university now has awebsite which allows us to ___ the information about it.A. look atB. look afterC. look aroundD. look through【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在幾乎每所大學(xué)都有一個(gè)允許我們____關(guān)于它的信息的網(wǎng)站。look at看;look after照顧;look around環(huán)顧;look through，瀏覽。根據(jù)句意可知是瀏覽網(wǎng)站信息，故選D。

4.

get to到達(dá)get over 克服get back返回get on上車get off下車get away from逃離get up起床;起來

試一試

1. You are not a kid any more, you need to ________ the difficulty by yourself.(克服)【答案】get over【解析】句意：你不再是一個(gè)孩子了，你需要自己克服困難。克服get over;再根據(jù)need to do sth.可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。2. We should spend our time on schoolworkin order to get good grades and ___ a good high school.A. get over B. get on C. get off D. get into【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)該把時(shí)間花費(fèi)在學(xué)業(yè)上，以便能取得好成績____一所好高中。get over克服;get on上車;get off下車;get into進(jìn)入。根據(jù)句意可知表示進(jìn)入高中。故選D。3. It’s too dangerous here. Let’s ___ the place as soon as we can.A. get used to B. get ready forC. get along with D. get away from【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：這里太危險(xiǎn)了。讓我們盡快____這個(gè)地方吧。get used to 習(xí)慣于……;get ready for 準(zhǔn)備……;get along with與……相處;get away from遠(yuǎn)離……。根據(jù)句意可知表示離開此地。故選D。go away走開;離開go back回到go by(時(shí)間)流逝go down下降go up上升; 增長go off熄滅; 離開go on繼續(xù)go over仔細(xì)檢查go through通過

試一試

1. I got up late because my clock didn’t _____.(響)【答案】go off【解析】句意：我今天早上起晚了，因?yàn)槲业聂[鐘沒有響。go off鬧鐘發(fā)出響聲。故填go off。2. As time _______, some dreams are forgotten by us.(流逝)【答案】goes by【解析】句意：隨著時(shí)間的流逝，一些夢想被我們遺忘了。流逝go by;本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為單數(shù)名詞，故填goes by。3. When the man ___ the forest alone, he lost his way and felt very afraid.A. went aheadB. went throughC. went out D. went on【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意:當(dāng)這位男士獨(dú)自一人 ____森林時(shí)，他迷路了，感到非常害怕。went ahead 向前,繼續(xù);went through穿過，經(jīng)歷;went out出去;went on繼續(xù)。根據(jù)句意可知表示獨(dú)自穿過森林。故選B。4. ___ doing your own job and never give up. You will succeed sooner or later.A. Go offB. Go onC. Go awayD. Go up【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：____你自己的工作并且從不放棄。你遲早會(huì)成功。根據(jù)句意可知此處指繼續(xù)，故選B。

6.

give out分發(fā)，發(fā)出give in 投降;屈服give up 放棄give away贈(zèng)送;分發(fā)give back還給;歸還;恢復(fù)(健康)give birth to 生(孩子);產(chǎn)生

試一試

1. My friend decided to _______ her job and go to America for further study.(放棄)【答案】give up【解析】句意：我朋友決定放棄她的工作，然后去美國深造。give up放棄，decide to do sth.決定做某事。故填give up。2. Gina, remember to ________ the book to Ann.(歸還)【答案】give back【解析】句意:吉娜，記得把書還給安。歸還give back;再根據(jù)空前的不定式符號to可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。3. —Would you please help me ___ the invitations to all my friends?—Sure. You’d better let me know their phone numbers.A. give upB. give inC. give out D. give back【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意“你愿意幫我____邀請函給我的所有朋友嗎?”“當(dāng)然。你最好讓我知道他們的電話號碼。”根據(jù)語境可知“分發(fā)邀請函”。故選C。4. I think we should ___ all the toys to the local children who are in need of them.A. give backB. give birth toC. give away D. give in【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該____所有的玩具給當(dāng)?shù)匦枰�它們的兒童。give back還給，歸還;give birth to生產(chǎn);give away捐贈(zèng);give in屈服。根據(jù)句意可知是捐贈(zèng)玩具。故選C。

7.

take part in參加take after (在外貌、性格等方面)與(父母等)相像take care of照顧,照料take out取出take off 脫下(衣服)，(飛機(jī)等)起飛take place 發(fā)生take up占據(jù)(時(shí)間、空間);開始從事;拿起take exercise 做運(yùn)動(dòng)　　 take notes做筆記take down取下 take away拿走;帶走take in吸入;吞入(體內(nèi)) take a rest休息take pride in以……為傲

試一試

1. Thank you very much for _______ my pet dog while I’m away.(照顧)【答案】taking care of【解析】句意：非常感謝你在我不在的時(shí)候照顧我的寵物狗。take care of照顧，介詞for后跟v.?ing。故填taking care of。2. The club needs to ______ some new members.(招入)【答案】take in【解析】句意為：這個(gè)俱樂部需要招入一些新成員。take in招入、吸收。動(dòng)詞不定式的后跟動(dòng)詞原形。3. _________ the rubbish before you leave the library, please.(帶走)【答案】take away【解析】句意為：請?jiān)陔x開圖書館之前帶走垃圾。帶走take away;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知為祈使句，需用動(dòng)詞原形。注意句首單詞首字母大寫。4. —What are you going to do during the summer vacation?—I am going to ___ a new hobby like swimming or dancing.A. take downB. take upC. take over D. take in【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意“暑假期間你打算做什么?”“我打算____一個(gè)新的愛好，例如游泳或者跳舞。”take down 記下，取下;take up 開始從事，占據(jù);take over 接收，接管;take in吸收。分析句意可知，此處指開始某種愛好，用take up。故選B。

8.

turn up開大, 調(diào)高,出現(xiàn)turn on 打開turn off 關(guān)閉turn out結(jié)果是turn down調(diào)小;拒絕

試一試

1. —Would you like to attend the farewell party next week?—Sure, I’d love to. I have no reason to ___ your invitation.A. turn downB. turn offC. turn upD. turn on【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意“您愿意參加下周的告別晚會(huì)嗎?”“當(dāng)然，我愿意。我沒有理由____你(們)的邀請。”turn down調(diào)小，拒絕;turn off關(guān)閉;turn up調(diào)大;turn on打開。根據(jù)“Sure, I‘d love to.”可知是沒有理由拒絕。選A。2. —Do you know our new manager?—Yes. He ___ to be a friend of my brother.A. turns upB. turns onC. turns out D. turns off【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意“你認(rèn)識我們的新經(jīng)理嗎?”“知道。他____是我(弟弟)哥哥的一個(gè)朋友。”turns up調(diào)大;turns on打開;turns out結(jié)果是;turns off關(guān)閉。turn out to be“原來是，結(jié)果是”，指原來是朋友。故選C。

9.

cheer up使振奮;使高興起來clean up(把……)打掃干凈;(把……)收拾整dress up穿上盛裝;裝扮drink up喝光eat up 吃光;吃完 get up 起床give up 放棄 grow up成長;長大hurry up 趕快;快點(diǎn)look up(在詞典、參考書等中)查閱;查找make up 編造;拼湊成;形成;組成;構(gòu)成mix up混合在一起 pick up 撿起put up張貼;搭建 set up建立;創(chuàng)立;開辦show up出席;露面 stay up不睡覺;熬夜take up (尤指為消遣)學(xué)著做;開始做turn up開大(聲音);出現(xiàn)wake up叫醒;醒來

試一試

1. I have to ______ the bike. Can you go with me?(修理)【答案】fix up【解析】句意：我得修理自行車。你能和我一起去嗎?修理fix up，根據(jù)“have to do sth.不得不做某事”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。2. I want to be a scientist when I ________.(長大)【答案】【解析】句意：我長大想當(dāng)科學(xué)家。長大grow up。3. I waited for my father but he didn’t _______ until 7:00 pm.(出現(xiàn))【答案】show up【解析】句意：我在等待我的爸爸，但他直到晚上7點(diǎn)才出現(xiàn)。出現(xiàn)show up。4. We’re not supposed to ______ late playing computer games. It’s bad for our health and study.(熬夜)【答案】stay up【解析】句意：我們不應(yīng)該熬夜玩電腦游戲。那對我們的健康和學(xué)習(xí)都不利。熬夜stay up。根據(jù)“be not supposed to do sth.不應(yīng)該做某事”可知應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。5. When Bob is upset or tired, he likes to listen to music that can ___.A. look it upB. clean them upC. cheer him upD. pick it up【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)鮑勃焦慮或疲勞時(shí)，他喜歡聽可以的音樂。look it up查找它;clean them up清掃它們;cheer him up使他精神振奮;pick it up把它撿起來。根據(jù)句意可知是指可以使他振奮的音樂。故選C。

10.

give away 贈(zèng)送;分發(fā)go away走開put away把……收起來;儲(chǔ)存……備用run away逃跑;跑掉take away 拿走throw away扔掉

試一試

1. When we made mistakes, we shouldn’t ___ from our responsibilities.A. give awayB. run awayC. put away D. go away【答案】B【解析】句意：當(dāng)我們犯錯(cuò)時(shí)，不應(yīng)該____責(zé)任。give away贈(zèng)送，分發(fā);run away跳跑，跑掉;put away把……收起來;go away走開。run away from逃避，根據(jù)句意及常識可知是指犯錯(cuò)了不應(yīng)該逃避責(zé)任。故選B。2. It’s our duty to protect the environment. So don’t ___ waste paper everywhere.A. put awayB. keep awayC. throw awayD. take away【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。所以不要到處____廢紙。根據(jù)題意并結(jié)合常識，可知為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，不要亂扔廢紙。故選C。3. Grace is going to ___ much money to charity though she is not rich enough.A. take awayB. go awayC. run away D. give away【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：盡管格雷絲不夠富有，她還是打算把很多的錢____給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。take away拿走;go away走開;run away逃跑;give away 贈(zèng)送，分發(fā)。根據(jù)句意可知表示捐贈(zèng)。故選D。

總結(jié)：中考針對所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空的考情分析如下：

4動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空常考角度如下：play→playerlisten→listenersleep→ sleeperwork→workerdesign→designerreport→reporterlead→leaderown→ownerspeak→speakersing→singerpaint→painterfight→fighterinterview→interviewertravel→traveler/travellerlove→loverdance→dancerdrive→driverwrite→writermanage→managervisit→visitoract→actorinvent→inventordirect→directorwin→winnerrun→runner

動(dòng)詞

be different from 與……不同be interested in 對……感興趣be afraid of 害怕……be good at 擅長 ……be famous/known for 以……而聞名be busy with 忙于……dream of 夢想have trouble in 在……有困難look forward to 盼望;期待without doing 沒做某事

某些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后需跟動(dòng)名詞：

enjoy喜歡 mind介意finish完成 keep持續(xù)suggest建議 practice練習(xí)be busy忙于 can’t help禁不住feel like想要 give up放棄

動(dòng)詞

1. v.+ing/ed(d)v.+ing常修飾物， v.+ed修飾人excite→exciting/excitedamaze→amazing/amazedsatisfy→satisfying/satisfiedfrighten→frightening/frightenedinterest→interesting/interestedrelax→relaxing/relaxedbore→boring/boredtire→tiring/tiredsurprise→surprising/surprisedplease→pleasing/pleased

2. v.+fulwonder→wonderfulcare→carefulcheer→cheerfulforce→forcefulhelp→helpfulregret→regretfulsucceed→successful3. v.+iveact→activecreate→creative4. v.+lesscare→careless

試一試

1. This machine can _______ simple messages into 24 different languages.(translate)【答案】translate【解析】句意：這臺(tái)機(jī)器可以把簡單的信息翻譯成24種不同的語言。can為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填translate。2. Mrs. Dean was _______ to the policemen who had helped her kids arrive safely.(thank)【答案】thankful【解析】句意: Dean夫人感謝了那個(gè)幫助她的孩子安全抵達(dá)的警察。根據(jù)前面的was可知此處要填形容詞。故填thankful。3.She practices the _______ of English words every day to improve her spoken English.(pronounce)【答案】pronunciation【解析】句意：為了提高她的英語口語，她每天練習(xí)英語單詞的發(fā)音。根據(jù)the可知應(yīng)用名詞。故填pronunciation。4.Teenagers should be encouraged to make ______ by themselves.(decide)【答案】decisions【解析】句意：青少年應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)自己做決定。由make可知此處是名詞，前面沒有冠詞，此處應(yīng)該是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填decisions。5. Her father is a ______. He works in a factory.(manage)【答案】manager【解析】句意：她的父親是一名經(jīng)理。他在一家工廠工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知及空前的a，可知此處指的是經(jīng)理，且應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)形式。故填manager。6. I enjoy _____ in the park after supper. It’s relaxing.(walk)【答案】walking【解析】句意：我享受晚餐后在公園散步。這很令人放松。根據(jù)enjoy doing sth.可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞形式。故填walking。7. It’s ______ to listen to the same story again and again.(bore)【答案】boring【解析】句意：一次又一次聽同一個(gè)故事是無聊的。根據(jù)句意可知此處指無聊的，形容物，故填boring。8. My father is a good driver. He has a good sense of ________.(direct)【答案】direction【解析】句意：我父親是一名優(yōu)秀的司機(jī)。他有很好的方向感，應(yīng)用名詞。根據(jù)句意可知此處指的是方向感。故填direction。9. Food safety is important. Rules must be made to protect people from food ______.(pollute)【答案】pollution【解析】句意：食品安全很重要。必須制定規(guī)則來保護(hù)人們不受到食品污染的(危害)。食品污染food pollution，故填pollution。10. With the _________ of science, our country is becoming stronger and stronger.(develop)【答案】development【解析】句意：隨著科學(xué)的發(fā)展，我們的國家變得越來越強(qiáng)大。with the development of隨著……的發(fā)展。故填development。11. The government made a decision to take ______ to improve the poor's living conditions.(act)【答案】action(s)【解析】句意：政府決定采取措施來提高窮困人民的生活條件。take action(s)采取行動(dòng)。故填action(s)。12. It’s a wise ______ to wear the red tie. It matches your shirt well.(choose)【答案】choice【解析】句意：系紅色的領(lǐng)帶是個(gè)明智的選擇。它跟你的襯衫特別搭。根據(jù)空前的a可知，空處需填名詞單數(shù)形式。故填choice。13. When night came, they put up a tent _______ warm.(keep)【答案】to keep【解析】句意：當(dāng)夜幕降臨時(shí)，他們搭起帳篷來保暖。分析句子成分可知此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。故填to keep。

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