賓語(yǔ)從句歌訣
賓語(yǔ)從句三姊妹,that，if/whether,wh-/how展風(fēng)采展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語(yǔ)序永不變陳述請(qǐng)你選that，疑問(wèn)需用if/whether連特殊問(wèn)句作賓從，原來(lái)問(wèn)詞不用換三關(guān)過(guò)后莫得意，人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注意留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間
歌訣解碼一、三姊妹賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：
1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：We knew (that)we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
二、三關(guān)1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that(that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略);如果從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether;如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞。
2. 語(yǔ)序關(guān)①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.②一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：I have heard(that)he will come back next week.②如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用1. 從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致;如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致;如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào);主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。如：Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?
四、兩副面孔if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語(yǔ)從句)
五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞/副詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?
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