賓語(yǔ)從句歌訣
賓語(yǔ)從句三姊妹,that，if/whether,wh-/how展風(fēng)采
展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)
主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語(yǔ)序永不變
陳述請(qǐng)你選that，疑問(wèn)需用if/whether連
特殊問(wèn)句作賓從，原來(lái)問(wèn)詞不用換
三關(guān)過(guò)后莫得意，人稱(chēng)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注意
留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間
歌訣解碼
一、三姊妹
賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類(lèi)型：
1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：
We knew (that)we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
二、三關(guān)
1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)
如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that(that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略);如果從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether;如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞。
2. 語(yǔ)序關(guān)
①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.
②一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：
Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)
①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：
I have heard(that)he will come back next week.
②如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：
He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.
注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀(guān)真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人稱(chēng)的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用
1. 從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱(chēng)，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱(chēng)，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱(chēng)，不用變化。
如：
“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。
如：
Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?
四、兩副面孔
if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：
If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語(yǔ)從句)
五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化
“
1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?
中考真題演練
1.重慶A卷
---Do you know ________?
---Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.
A. why did they move here
B. why they moved here
C. when did they move here
D. when they moved here
2.山東煙臺(tái)
---Do you know _______ ?
---Perhaps tomorrow, but I’m not sure.
A. how we’ll go to the museum
B. which place we’ll visit next Sunday
C. when we’ll travel to Disney Land
D. why he won’t come here
3.四川自貢
----How about buying an iphone 6s for your birthday ?
----Oh, it’s maybe too expensive, Dad. Do you know ______ ?
A. how much it costs
B. how much does it cost
C. how much it cost
4.四川成都
-----Could you tell me _______ ?
-----My life is not what it used to be .
A.what you think of yourself
B.how you like your present life
C.what your life is like after you became famous
5.山東臨沂
----Excuse me, do you know _____yesterday ?
---Sure. It closed at 6:00 p.m.yesterday.
A.when the bookstore closes
B.when does the bookstore close
C.when the bookstore closed
D.when did the bookstore close
6.福建福州
----Mr. Black, could you tell me_____?
-----At 10:00tomorrow morning.
A.where we’ll go hiking.
B.when we’ll have a meeting
C.whether you will come to may birthday party
7.湖南株洲
Do you know when ______today.
A.is the bookstore closed
B.does the bookstore close
C.the bookstore closes
8.四川宜賓
We must remember ______.
A.what our teacher said
B.what did our teacher say
C.what has our teacher said
9.江蘇南京
---Are you going camping this after ?
---A typhoon is coming. I’m not sure _____the road to the mountain will be closed.
A.which B.what
C.whether D.why
10.湖南衡陽(yáng)
My neighbor asked me _____ I heard the big noise last night or not .
A.whether B.if C.what
11.天津
----Could you tell me _____ you’ll go to Paris?
----Next month.
A.why B.where
C.when D.how
12.山東菏澤
----Excuse me, but could you please tell me ______ ?
---Sure.
A.where is the restroom
B.when the store opens
C.what time does it begin
13.山東德州
----Excuse me. I’d like to take exercise but I’m new here. Could you please tell me _____ ?
----Follow me. I’ll take you there.
A.how I can get to the airport B.where the supermarket is
C.how to get to the police station
D.which is the way to the sports center
14.山東濱州
----What did your father say to you just now ?
----He asked me _______.
A.that I would like to see a movie
B.where I will spend my holiday
C.if I enjoyed myself at the party
D.when did I attend the graduation party
15.四川達(dá)州
----Could you please tell me _____ Zhang Aiping’s hometown ?
----The day after tomorrow, I think.
A.when will you visit
B.when you will visit
C.why you will visit
D.how you will visit
16.四川攀枝花
Could you tell me ______ the beautiful mobile phone ? I want to buy one, too.
A.when did you buy
B.when you bought
C.where you bought
D.where did you buy
17. 重慶B卷
--- I like Super Brain very much. Do you know ______ on show?
--- At 10:00 every Friday evening. It’s a good program to make science popular.
A. where it is B. where is it
C. when it is D. when is it
18.安徽
---Look at the stone bridge. Do you know ______it was built?
---In the 1860s. It is quite old.
A.when B.how C.where D.why
19.四川廣安
---Can you tell me ______ ?
---Sure. For about 3 weeks.
A.how long Thomas has bought the bike
B.how long has Thomas bought the bike
C.how long Thomas has had the bike
D.how long has Thomas had the bike
20.四川綿陽(yáng)
----Could you tell me _____?
----At nine o’clock, in ten minutes.
A.how will leave
B.when he has left
C.why he is leaving
D.when he will leave
21.新疆阜康、米泉
----Could you tell us _____ the sports meeting ?
----On Wednesday this week.
A.where we are going to have
B.where are we going to have
C.when we are going to have
D.when are we going to have
22.江蘇連云港
----What did Max just say to you ?
----He asked me _____.
A.if I would like to go skating
B.when did I buy this CD
C.where I will spend the weekend
D.that I had a good time
23.四川巴中
I wonder ______next week. Please call me when they return.
A.when they will come back
B.when will they come back
C.when they come back
24.四川南充
---Do you know _____ ?
---Sure. On August 5th, 2016.
A.when will the 31st Olympic Games open B.where will the 31st Olympic Games open
C.when the 31st Olympic Games will open D.where the 31st Olympic Games will open
25.甘肅武威 I told the teacher _____ I had seen.
A.what B.which
C.where D.that
26.甘肅武威
Could you please tell me ______ ?
A.where is the Grand Hotel
B.when the Grand Hotel is
C.where the Grand Hotel is
D.how is the Grand Hotel
27.江蘇鹽城
----I wonder ______.
-----Yes, of course.
A.why we will visit this museum
B.when we will get to the museum
C.whether the museum is worth visiting
D.what we can see in the museum
28.山西
—I just came back from Shanghai Disneyland. Can you guess _______?
—I’ve no idea. But it can’t be cheap. I’ve heard everything is very expensive.
A. how I came back home
B. how many days I stayed there
C. how much I paid for the Micky Mouse toy
29.湖南郴州
----David, look at the man in black over there. Can you tell me ____ ?
----He is an engineer.
A.who is he
B.who he is
C.what he does
30.江蘇宿遷
---could you please tell me _______?
---OK. I will go to Beijing next week.
A.where will you go
B.how you will go to Beijing
C.when you will go to Beijing
D.why will you go to Beijing
答案
1--5DCACC;6--10BCACA;
11--15CBDCB;16---20CCACD;
21--25CAACA;26--30CCCCC
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