來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-16 18:21:02
主動(dòng)語態(tài)的16個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)詳解
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
時(shí):現(xiàn)在
態(tài):一般
結(jié)構(gòu):實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原型、Be動(dòng)詞am, is, are
特例:主語為第三人稱單數(shù)、主動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或非Be系動(dòng)詞、且動(dòng)詞部分不包含助動(dòng)詞的情況下,主動(dòng)詞后需加s, es等。)
基本用法:表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性、真理性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
表經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作
leave
Ihome for school.
描述主語現(xiàn)階段的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等。
don't
Iwant so much.
Does
it hurt?
love
Ithe job.
用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明
Now
Ithe sugar in the cup.
Now
me,Ion the current andback.
陳述客觀真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言警句
moves
The eartharound the sun.
is
Columbus proved that the earthround. (即便主句是過去時(shí),但從句所表達(dá)的“地球是圓的”為客觀事實(shí),所以從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)
goes
Pridebefore a fall. (格言警句也被視為描述了一般真理。)
5.變化用法:
tells
Johnme you will leave tomorrow. (tells替代told)
hear
Ithat he got married again last month. (hear替代heard)
says
Marythat you told her to come over here. (says替代said)
在狀語從句中表將來
rains
I will take an umbrella if ittomorrow.
comes
When Bill, ask him to wait for me.
arrive
I'll write to you as soon as Ithere.
在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中表將來
have
I hope theya nice time.
are
Make sure that the windowsclosed before youthe room.
do
Take care that younotyourself ill.
用于某些動(dòng)詞表“計(jì)劃好將來定會做出的動(dòng)作”(借用一般現(xiàn)在表一般將來),且語氣很客觀、含有較少的主觀意愿,即計(jì)劃未必是我定的,同時(shí)也表達(dá)很正式的書面語氣。
arrives
Heat 8:00.
start
The boysschool.
opens
Our new branch. (正式商業(yè)書面用語)
用于小說故事、劇情介紹、新聞報(bào)道、新聞標(biāo)題、電視解說、舞臺動(dòng)作說明、行程說明等,用以替代過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)。
causes
The monkey kinghavoc in heaven. (美猴王,虛擬小說人物)
leave
Weat six,in Dublin at ten. (代替將來時(shí))
is
The storyset in the summer of 1937.(故事是虛構(gòu)的,被設(shè)置在1937年,但時(shí)態(tài)依舊為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)
begins
The storyin the year 1937
代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
comes
Herethe bus.
declare
Ithe meeting.
用于某些動(dòng)詞表“不確定具體時(shí)間的過去”
二、一般過去時(shí)
時(shí):過去
態(tài):一般
結(jié)構(gòu):實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過去式;Be動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閣as, were
基本用法:表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
表示在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
had
Ia word with Julia.
bought
Mr. Smitha new car.
were
Theyhere only.
stopped
The policeme on my way home.
表示過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作
smoked
Hemany cigarettes a dayhe gave up.
強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)具體動(dòng)作或反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)生變化或不涉及到現(xiàn)在。
carried
Mrs. Peter alwaysan umbrella.彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。(只是說明她過去的動(dòng)作,不表明她現(xiàn)在如何)
took
Ia walk.
drank
I neverwine.
didn''t
Iknow you were in Paris..我不知道你在巴黎。(因?yàn)樵谡f話時(shí),我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前,所以只能用過去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)
thought
Iyou were ill.我以為你病了呢。(這句話應(yīng)是在說話之前,我以為你病了。但是我知道現(xiàn)在你沒病)
過去的能力或狀態(tài)
weren't
Theyable to come because they were so busy.
5.特別強(qiáng)調(diào):
一般過去時(shí)沒有過多變化性、特殊性的用法,即不存在什么特別的“時(shí)態(tài)借用”現(xiàn)象。但需強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,在英語國家人士眼中,發(fā)生在一秒鐘之前的事也叫過去,如:
fell
-Idown. 剛摔倒,立刻爬起來,也要用過去式。
was
-My room number508. Can I leave my luggage here? 前一秒剛退房,后一秒把行李存在禮賓部,用一般過去式。
三、一般將來時(shí)
時(shí):將來
態(tài):一般
結(jié)構(gòu):
shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形(do/be);
am/is/are going to+動(dòng)詞原形;
am/is/are to+動(dòng)詞原形;
am/is/are about to +動(dòng)詞原形
am/is/are on the point of+動(dòng)詞ing
基本用法:
're going to
Wemeet outside the school gate. 我們打算在校門口見面。
's going to
Look! Itrain. 瞧!快下雨了。
are going to
Weput up a building here.我們打算在這里蓋一座樓。
are you going to
Howspend your holidays?假期你準(zhǔn)備怎樣過?
表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
will get
Hemarried. 他就快結(jié)婚了。
will have
Shea daughter.她就會有個(gè)女兒了。
will have
The cata master.貓要有主人了。
will have
The doga house. 狗就要有窩了。
this evening
Telephone me. Iat home. 今晚給我打電話,我會在家。
'll(shall/will)do
Ia better job. 下次我要干得好
won‘t start
The car.車開不了啦。
將來某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
willvisit
Heonceafortnighttoseehowhisnewstaffareprogressing.
用am/is/are to do表達(dá)表示濃烈的“客觀色彩”的計(jì)劃做某事
is to visit
HeJapan.明年他(按照計(jì)劃)將訪問日本(與個(gè)人意愿關(guān)系不大)。
is to go
The boyto school.這個(gè)男孩明天要去上學(xué)(與他個(gè)人意愿關(guān)系不大)。
用am/is/are about to do和am/is/are on the point of+動(dòng)詞ing表達(dá)“立刻、馬上、眼瞅著、說話”就要做某事(因此后邊不再接時(shí)間狀語)
are about to
Weleave.我們馬上就走(恨不得已經(jīng)開始起身了)。
isaboutto
Theplanetakeoff. 飛機(jī)就要起飛了(恨不得引擎都開始工作了)。
is about to
The armylaunch a major offensive. 陸軍部隊(duì)即將發(fā)動(dòng)一次大規(guī)模進(jìn)攻(子彈都上膛了)。FrancerecognizingtheindependenceoftheBalticStates. (直譯:法國“正在承認(rèn)”的那個(gè)點(diǎn)兒上,代表立即、馬上)
用am/is/are going to表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事或有跡象、先兆表明某事要發(fā)生。
5. 辨析
will
Hebe rewarded. 他將得到回報(bào)。(Will用于第二、第三人稱,表單純的一般將來,沒有特別意思。)
shall
Hebe rewarded. 他將得到回報(bào)。(Shall用于第二、第三人稱,表說話者的意志。即如果此話是我說的,那么我認(rèn)為他會得到回報(bào),就算他沒有得到回報(bào),我也會想辦法讓他得到。)
shall和will的區(qū)別
shall
Icome back in 20 minutes. 我將在20分鐘后回來。(Shall用在第一人稱時(shí),表單純的一般將來,沒有特別意思。)
will
Icome back in 20 minutes. 我將在20分鐘后回來。(Will用在第一人稱時(shí),表主語的意志,就算有事耽擱,我也會想辦法努力地回來。)
有時(shí)借用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表一般將來時(shí),主要用于come, go, arrive, leave這類動(dòng)詞
are leaving
Theyfor Shanghai. 他們將要啟程去上海。
有時(shí)借用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般將來時(shí)(見上文“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”)
starts
The new termon August 29th. 新學(xué)期八月二十九日開學(xué)。
四、一般過去將來時(shí)
時(shí):過去將來
態(tài):一般
結(jié)構(gòu):
should/would+動(dòng)詞原型(do/be)
was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原型
was/were to+動(dòng)詞原型
was/were about to+動(dòng)詞原型
基本用法:
從結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出,一般過去將來時(shí)的用法與“一般將來時(shí)”同理,無非是把“時(shí)”調(diào)整為“過去將來”。
從過去的某一時(shí)間來看,將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。
would not go
Hewith us. 他(過去那會)將不會跟我們一起走。
would agree
I knew you. 我知道你會同意的。
was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原型,表從過去那會看,根據(jù)計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事情
was going to
She said shestart at once.她說她將立即出發(fā)。
was going to
I was told that hereturn home.他告訴我他準(zhǔn)備要回家。
was/were to+動(dòng)詞原型;was/were about to+動(dòng)詞原型、was/were on the point of doing的用法與一般將來時(shí)中am/is/are to+動(dòng)詞原型、am/is/are about to+動(dòng)詞原型、was/were on the point of doing用法一致(僅“時(shí)”的維度有差異),不再贅述。
5.變化用法
與“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”可以表一般將來時(shí)一樣,某些動(dòng)詞會“借用”過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)
come,go,leave,arrive,start等嚴(yán)格按照時(shí)間表發(fā)生的表起止的動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。
was leaving
He said the trainat six.他說火車第二天早晨出發(fā)。
was coming
She told me sheto see me.她告訴我她要來看我。
與“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”可以表一般將來時(shí)一樣,特定場合(如狀語從句中)的一般過去時(shí)可表示過去將來時(shí)
would come
I didn't know when she, but when sheI would let you know.我不知道她什么時(shí)候來,但她來了我會告訴你。
五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
時(shí):現(xiàn)在
態(tài):進(jìn)行
結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/being)
基本用法:
表現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
are playing
Theybasketball.
is singing
Listen, Shean English song.
are dancing
Look! Maria and Tomunder the tree.
is watching
Linda's brotherTV in his bedroom.
表示現(xiàn)階段(未必是說話時(shí))正在進(jìn)行或從事的動(dòng)作
are making
Wemodel planes.
is visiting
Mr Chengour village.這個(gè)月,程先生在我們村訪問。
5. 變化用法:
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來,主要用于表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常有“意圖”“決定”的意思
’re getting
Theymarried next month.他們下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。
一些表達(dá)感官或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不輕易使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),一旦使用,則表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的情感情緒。
Are
yousomeone off? 你在給誰送行嗎?(驚訝)
are hearing
Theyan English talk. 他們在聽一個(gè)英語報(bào)告。
當(dāng)其與always,forever,continually,constantly 等副詞連用時(shí)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作,有著極大的感情色彩,表示不滿或滿意。
is perpetually interfering
Shein my affairs.她老是干預(yù)我的事。 (不滿)
are making
The studentsprogress.學(xué)生們在不斷進(jìn)步。 (滿意)
在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中,有時(shí)可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
are passing
When youmy way, please drop in.你什么時(shí)候路過我家,請進(jìn)來坐。
在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,某些英語介詞短語作表語時(shí),可表示正在“進(jìn)行”的動(dòng)作。
He isatwork.. (他正在工作。)
The house isonfire! (房子著火了!)
The road isunderconstruction. (路正在修。)
表關(guān)切
are
Howyoutoday?
動(dòng)詞Be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表一時(shí)的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的狀態(tài),通常搭配angry, careful, careless, clever, foolish, stupid, kind, friendly, brave, rude, polite
is being
Hefoolish. 他顯得很傻(正在犯傻)。(指一時(shí)的表現(xiàn),并非總是如此)
is being
Hefriendly. 他顯得很友好。(指暫時(shí)的表現(xiàn),而且不一定真誠)
有的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外,一般不和其他時(shí)間副詞連用的。適合于此種用法的動(dòng)詞有:get/grow/become/turn/run/go變成,begin開始,forget忘記,remember記得,die死,finish完成,find發(fā)現(xiàn),rise增強(qiáng)等.
is becoming
Our studymore interesting. 我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來越有趣了。
are turning
The leavesred. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了。
六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
時(shí):過去
態(tài):進(jìn)行
結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/being)
基本用法:
在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的事情
was
Whatsheat nine o‘clock?
was decorating
When I saw him hehis room. 當(dāng)我看見他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。
This time yesterday
JacknotTV. 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候杰克沒看電視。
表示過去在某一時(shí)間段或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
were watching
WeTV.
was getting up
Tomat six o’clock.湯姆那一周里每天都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。
在復(fù)合句中,如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的,那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
was waiting for
While hethe bus, hea newspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)
was cleaning
Hehis car while I. 他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
5. 變化用法
用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在主要是為了使語氣委婉、客氣。(比一般過去時(shí)更加委婉、客氣、不肯定)
was wondering
Iif you can give me a lift. 我不知你能否讓我搭一下車。
were
Whatyoubefore you came here?
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示感情色彩與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相似,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,也通常與 always,forever,continually等副詞連用。
were
Theyalways. 他們過去老是吵架。
were
Whatyouin my room?(你在我的房間里干什么來著?)可能表示這樣一種情感:我認(rèn)為你沒有權(quán)利在我的屋子里。(一般過去時(shí)沒有這種情緒意義)
與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行同理,動(dòng)詞be的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示過去一時(shí)的、與平常不同的、偽裝的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài)。
was being
Hefriendly. 他當(dāng)時(shí)顯得很友好。(指當(dāng)時(shí)一時(shí)的表現(xiàn))
與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)同理,表示按計(jì)劃、安排過去將要發(fā)生的事。用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞時(shí),也可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
was going
He told me(that)hesoon. 他告訴我他很快就要走了。
6.辨析
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(通常還會繼續(xù)),而一般過去時(shí)表示在過去時(shí)間已完成的動(dòng)作
was typing
Ia letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信.(可能沒打完)
I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信.(已經(jīng)打完)
一般過去時(shí)表示只做一次動(dòng)作,而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。(短暫性動(dòng)詞)
She waved to me. 她朝我揮了揮手。
明確指出過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體次數(shù),用一般過去時(shí)
I talked to Tom several times.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來代替一般過去時(shí),表示更為偶然而非預(yù)定的動(dòng)作:
was talking
Ito Tom the other day. 那天我跟湯姆聊天來著。
這里的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)給人的印象是這一動(dòng)作既不特殊,也不引人注目。它同時(shí)還傾向于解除主語對于這一動(dòng)作所負(fù)的責(zé)任。句中誰先開口說話既不清楚,也無關(guān)緊要。
七、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
時(shí):將來
態(tài):進(jìn)行
結(jié)構(gòu):shall/will be+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/being)
基本用法:
表示在將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
will be giving
The ministera speech on international affairs.部長將就國際事務(wù)發(fā)表演講
表示要在將來某一時(shí)間開始,并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作
'll be having
Imy classes.
表示預(yù)定的將來動(dòng)作或?qū)淼念A(yù)測。
will be feeling
After you take the medicine,youmuch better.服藥之后,你會感覺好得多。
will be making
Youa mistake. 你會出錯(cuò)的。
表示將來某事件或動(dòng)作的原因。
'll be having
Please come tomorrow afternoon,Ia meeting.請你明天下午來吧,明天上午我有一個(gè)會議。
表示將來某事件或動(dòng)作的結(jié)果
will be falling
Stop the child or heover.制止那孩子,要不他會掉下去。
表示對將來的打算(區(qū)別于對將來的預(yù)測)。
will be ending
My dutiesin July , and Ito ShangHai.我的工作將在七月結(jié)束,我會回上海。
5. 變化用法
表示委婉的請求
shall
Whenweagain?我們什么時(shí)候再見面?
八、過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
時(shí):過去將來
態(tài):進(jìn)行
結(jié)構(gòu):should/would be+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/being)
基本用法:
用于賓語從句和間接引語中
would be coming
They said they.
should be doing
He asked me what Isix o'clock tomorrow.
用于定語從句中
would be taking
The new job hewas raising racing horses.
他將要接受的新工作是養(yǎng)賽馬。
用于狀語從句中
would be leaving
He would pay the rest as heFrance.
其余款項(xiàng),他將在離開法國時(shí)付清。
表示在過去某一時(shí)間之后即將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
would be having
He said that he could not come because hea meeting.
表示在過去將來某一時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
would be coming
John told us that Marynext day.
5. 變化用法:
和將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣,它也常表計(jì)劃中的事,不表意愿或打算
would be setting off
She said sheon the 10 o’clock train.
九、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
時(shí):現(xiàn)在
態(tài):完成
結(jié)構(gòu):has/have+過去分詞(done/been)
基本用法:
表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在過去已經(jīng)完成,并且這個(gè)動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響或結(jié)果,同時(shí)說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的或感興趣的就是這個(gè)影響或結(jié)果。
has been
Heaway from the city.他已離開這個(gè)城市。(結(jié)果:他不在這個(gè)城市。)
has broken
Someonethe window.有人把窗戶打破了。(結(jié)果:窗戶仍破著。)
have lost
Imy pen.我把鋼筆丟了。(結(jié)果:我現(xiàn)在無鋼筆用。)
has finished
Hehis work.他把工作做完了。(結(jié)果:他可以做其他的事了。)
表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或開始的狀態(tài)在過去并未完成或結(jié)束,而是一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)下去(也可能到此結(jié)束)
has taught
Hein our school for 30 years.他在我們學(xué)校教書已有30年了。
has been
Hebusy since last week.自上個(gè)星期以來他一直很忙。
has worked
Hefor us ever since he left school.他離開學(xué)校以后就一直為我們工作。
has been
Heaway for one minute.他已經(jīng)離開一分鐘了。
has had
Hethis book for two months.他買這本書已有兩個(gè)月了。
has kept
Shethe table for three months.她已經(jīng)借了這張桌子三個(gè)月了。
5. 變化用法:
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以在時(shí)間狀語從句里表示將來
has written
I’ll wait until hehis letter.我要等到他把信寫完。
have rested
When you, I’ll show you the garden.等你休息好之后,我領(lǐng)你看我們的花園。
十、過去完成時(shí)
時(shí):過去
態(tài):完成
結(jié)構(gòu):had+過去分詞(done/been)
基本用法:
表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作,也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即“過去的過去”?梢杂胋y,before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示,還可能通過上下文來表示。
By nine o’clock last night
, we200 pictures from the spaceship.
表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。
had been
Iat the bus stopa bus finally came.
當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候,我在車站已等了20分鐘。
had worked
He said hein that factory1949.
他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。
在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后,反過來追述或補(bǔ)述再之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
Mr.Smith died yesterday.Hea good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
had
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for Inotmy lesson.
我對動(dòng)詞一無所知,因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。
在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果敘述過去的事,先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。
had borrowed
I returned the book that I.
我已歸還了我借的書。
had lost
She found the key that she.
她丟失的鑰匙找到了。
常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。
had known
He said that heher well.
他說他很熟悉她。
had sent
I thought Ithe letter a week before.
我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
狀語從句:在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在前,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。 如:when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句。
had already stopped
When I woke up, itraining.
我醒來時(shí)雨已停了。
had finished
She didn’t go to bed until sheher work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。
動(dòng)詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,希望,打算或意圖等。
had wanted
Theyto help but could not get there in time.
他們本來打算去幫忙,但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。
had hoped
Weto be able to come and see you.
我們本來希望能來看看你。
可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second,etc) time (that)…等固定句型中
Hardly had
heto speak when the audience interrupted him.
他剛開始演講,聽眾就打斷了他。
No sooner had
hethan he went away again.
他剛到就又走了。
had been
It was the third time that heout of work that year.
這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。
十一、將來完成時(shí)
時(shí):將來
態(tài):完成
結(jié)構(gòu):shall/will have+過去分詞(done/been)
基本用法:
表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。
will have been
Theymarried20 yearsthen. 到那時(shí)他們倆結(jié)婚就滿20年了。
will have been
Wemarried a year. 到6月25日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿1年了。
將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)對動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生一定的影響。
will have reached
YouShanghai. 明天的這個(gè)時(shí)候你就到上海了。
will have had breakfast by then
Pick me up at 8 o'clock,I.
早上8點(diǎn)鐘你來接我,到時(shí)我已經(jīng)吃完早飯了。
shall(will) have learned
We12 unitsthe end of this term.
到這個(gè)學(xué)期末,我們將學(xué)完12個(gè)單元。
By the time
you get home, Ithe house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。
5. 變化用法:
表示推測,相當(dāng)于"must have done"結(jié)構(gòu)。
will have heard
Youthis, I guess. 我猜你已經(jīng)聽說過這件事了。
will have got
I am sure that hethe information. 我相信他一定會得到這個(gè)信息。
6. 辨析
將來完成進(jìn)行
一種經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作被表示為連續(xù)的動(dòng)作,使用時(shí)。
By
the end of this month hehorses for twenty years.
到了這個(gè)月底他馴馬就滿 20年了。
但如果提到所馴馬匹或所攀登的山峰的數(shù)目,或用任何方式把動(dòng)作分割為一次又一次的動(dòng)作,就必須用將來完成時(shí):
By
the end of the month/ climbed 50 mountains.
到本月底,他馴服的馬就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了。
十二、過去將來完成時(shí)
時(shí):過去將來
態(tài):完成
結(jié)構(gòu):should/would have+過去分詞(done/been)
基本用法:
表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將來某時(shí)會已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
would have told
I thought Sophiayou something.
我想索菲婭會已告訴你一些情況。
by the time
He knewhe arrived shehome.
在他到時(shí)他才知道她已經(jīng)回家了。
would have completed
The day was drawing near when wethe reservoir.
我們建成水庫的日子不遠(yuǎn)了。
would have done
He said hewith my camerathe end of next month.
他說到下月底就不用我的照相機(jī)了。
would have made
I guessed that Mothersome sandwichesthe time we got back.
我猜我們回來時(shí)媽媽已經(jīng)做好一些三明治了。
5. 變化用法(主要強(qiáng)調(diào)情態(tài)意義、弱化時(shí)態(tài)意義)
表推測
would have refused
Only somebody with a smallmindto help.
只有心胸狹窄的人才不肯幫助別人。
表懷疑
would have bared
Few mentheir soul to a woman as he had.
很少有男人能像他一樣對一個(gè)女人敞開心扉。
表原本的想法或打算
would have thought
I’m surprised you didn’t like the film. Iit was just your kind of thing.
你不喜歡這部電影,這讓我感到奇怪。我本來還覺得正對你的路呢。
would have driven
My fatherme to Cornwall, but we decided it would be quicker by train.
父親原本要開車送我去康沃爾,但我們還是覺得坐火車更快。
十三、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
時(shí):現(xiàn)在
態(tài):完成進(jìn)行
結(jié)構(gòu):have/has been+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/being)
基本用法:
have
Whatyou?表驚異
have been wanting
Ito meet youlong.親切有禮
has been doing
Recently Maryher work regularly.贊揚(yáng)
表示一個(gè)在過去開始而在最近剛剛結(jié)束的行動(dòng)
has been working
Ann is very tired. Shehard.
have
Why are your clothes so dirty? Whatyou?
表示一個(gè)從過去開始但仍在進(jìn)行的行動(dòng)
has been raining
Itfor two hours. (現(xiàn)在還在下)
has been feeling
Jackvery well recently.
表示一個(gè)從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個(gè)階段內(nèi),重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動(dòng)
has been playing
Shetennisshe was eight.
表達(dá)情緒、生動(dòng)、客氣
5. 辨析
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為的結(jié)果、影響,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為本身
has been repairing
Tom’s hands are very dirty. Hethe car. 一直在修車
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it. 結(jié)果是已經(jīng)修好了
十四、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
時(shí):過去
態(tài):完成進(jìn)行
結(jié)構(gòu):had been+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/being)
基本用法
截止到過去某時(shí)刻,主語一直都在進(jìn)行且尚未完成的動(dòng)作
had been writing
Hethe novel.截止到過去那會依舊沒寫完
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語過去一直在進(jìn)行某個(gè)動(dòng)作,表達(dá)決心、企圖,帶有說話人稱贊的情緒
had been studying
Hethe meaning of this proverb.(他一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)它)
帶有說話人不耐煩、憤怒的情緒
had
Whathe?他過去那會之前都一直在搞什么?
可用在said,supposed等引起的間接引語中,代替現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
had been speaking
He said that heto John.
had been watching
He thought that shehimhe had passed.
十五、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
時(shí):將來
態(tài):完成進(jìn)行
結(jié)構(gòu):shall/will have been+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/being)
基本用法:
截止到將來某一時(shí)刻,主語已經(jīng)持續(xù)地進(jìn)行了某動(dòng)作或行為
shall have been working
Ihere in this factory for twenty yearsthe end of the year. 到今 年年底,我將在這個(gè)工廠工作20年了
By
The play is coming off in August.then the playthree months. 這個(gè)劇將于8月停演。到那時(shí)為止,這個(gè)劇將連演三個(gè)月了。
By
Friday midday, theyon itseven days.到星期五中午,他們就在這個(gè)工程上干了7天了。
5. 變化用法:
表推測、猜想,強(qiáng)調(diào)情態(tài)而淡化甚至完全失去原本的時(shí)態(tài)意義
’ll have been wondering
Youhow my invention works.
我想你這些時(shí)候一直想知道我的發(fā)明是怎樣工作的吧。
will have been having
Theya holiday.
他們昨天大概是在度假來著。
十六、過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
時(shí):過去將來
態(tài):完成進(jìn)行
結(jié)構(gòu):should/would have been+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/being)
基本用法
表達(dá)某動(dòng)作從過去一直延續(xù)到從過去那刻看、將來的某個(gè)時(shí)刻,多用于間接引語
’d have been teaching
I heard by July youhereten years.
我聽說到七月份,你就在這里教了10年書了。
by
He said thatthe end of the spring term heEnglishthree years.
他說到了春季學(xué)期末,他就學(xué)了三年英語了。
by
I knewthat time hethere30 years.
我知道到那時(shí)他他就在那兒工作滿30年了。
’d have been teaching
She told me shein that university20 yearsthat summer.
她告訴我到那年夏天她在那所大學(xué)教書就滿20年了。
would have been reading
Latterly, theyVirgin books, watching Virgin videos and Virgin films.
此時(shí)態(tài)例句較少,以下例句出自英國國家語料庫
would have been saying
Maybe we, it may well be that you were with other people, I wonder what sort of things if you were in a condition of speaking, what sort of things youto them.
would have been looking forward to
Obviously no expense was being spared to make the night a success, and in different circumstances sheit, but now, as silence settled over the car, she could feel herself growing tense.
5. 變化用法
表推測、猜想,強(qiáng)調(diào)情態(tài)意義而淡化時(shí)態(tài)意義
would have been thinking about
“What interesting job have you found?” Helen asked him; he knew sheit.“
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