來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-30 21:45:14
一般過去時(shí)
一、概念
表示在的過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時(shí)間的詞或詞組。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(剛才),just now(剛才), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如:I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡覺。
二、動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律
(一)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式
1、一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed;如:look→looked play→played;
2、以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;
3、以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
4、以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后,再加 –ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;
(二)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式(后附不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表)
1、改變動(dòng)詞中的元音;
begin→began drink→drank
come→cameeat→ate
grow→grewrun→ran
know→knew
win→won
speak→spoke
take→took
write→wrote
get→got
2、變?cè)~尾的–d 為–t ;
build→built
lend→lent
send→sent
spend→spent
bend→bent
3、與動(dòng)詞原形一樣;
cut→cut
put→put
cost→cost
hurt→hurt
shut→shut
4、變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動(dòng)詞);
say→said
pay→paid
lay→laid
5、采用不同詞根;
sell→sold
teach→taught
buy→bought
6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
三、句式變化
(一)一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句
1、把was, were放在句首,其余位置不變。由Was…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,肯定答為:Yes,… was. 否定回答為:No,…. wasn't. 由Were…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,肯定回答為:Yes,… were. 否定回答為:No,… weren't. 如:
(1)I was born in Shanghai.
→Were you born in Shanghai?
→Yes, I was. (肯定回答)
→No, I wasn't. (否定回答)
(2)They were in Li Yan's home last night.
→Were they in Li Yan's home last night?
→Yes, they were. (肯定回答)
→No, they weren't. (否定回答)
2、在行為動(dòng)詞的句子中,要用助動(dòng)詞詞did來引導(dǎo),其余的語序不變。要注意的是,要把行為動(dòng)詞的過去式改為原形。肯定回答為:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn't. 如:
John played computer games last night.
→Did John play computer games last night?
→Yes, he did. (肯定回答)
→No, he didn't. (否定回答)
(二)一般過去時(shí)的否定句
1、在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not。
如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday.
→He was not in the park the day before yesterday.
(2)We were busy last week.
→We were not busy last week.
2、在表示過去的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的句子中,要在行為動(dòng)詞的前面加助動(dòng)詞didn't.然后把過去式的行為動(dòng)詞改為動(dòng)詞原形。即:didn't + 動(dòng)詞原形。
如:(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn't play the violin last night.
(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn't swim in the lake yesterday.
(三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句
1.What did … ?(主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情,注意要把過去式改為動(dòng)詞原形。)
We ate Chinese food last night.
→What did we eat last night?
2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)
They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.
→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?
3.Who + 動(dòng)詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)
Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.
→Who climbed mountains last weekend?
四、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
1、在表示某個(gè)時(shí)間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子,系動(dòng)詞用過式was,were構(gòu)成。如:
(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。
(2)We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們?cè)隗w育館。
2、在表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用動(dòng)詞的過去式構(gòu)成。
如:I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。
3.各種句式
(1)一般過去時(shí)的肯定陳述句:
主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去式 + 賓語或表語。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
(2)一般過去時(shí)的否定句:
a.主語 + didn't + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b.主語 + wasn't/weren't +表語。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
(3)一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句:
a.Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 賓語 ?
Did you study English in 1990 ?
b.Was/Were + 主語 + 表語 ?
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(4)一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句:
a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 賓語?
Where did your parents live five years ago?
What did you do last Sunday?
b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語?
Who was at the zoo yesterday?
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